好氧微生物在硝基苯污染河水原位修复中的应用

在好氧条件下,从长期受硝基苯污染的化工厂排污口底泥和河道底质中分离得到3株对硝基苯有明显降解作用的优势微生物.为了比较这些优势菌的降解效果,作了硝基苯初始质量浓度分别为50 mg/L、25 mg/L、12.5 mg/L、6.25 mg/L、3.13 mg/L等不同梯度下的模拟修复实验,并且检验了单一菌与混合菌的降解能力.实验结果表明:当硝基苯初始质量浓度为50 mg/L时,优势菌作用不明显,硝基苯的去除主要依靠自然挥发作用;当硝基苯初始质量浓度为3.13 mg/L时,混合菌对硝基苯的降解能力较强,72 h的去除率达到99%,而此时空白对照(CK)的去除率仅为60%.分析实验结果得到,混合菌可能存在协同作用;由于产物中未检出NO2-,所以硝基苯降解途径中可能存在部分还原历程.     

Potential bioremediation of mercury-contaminated substrate using filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil

The use of filamentous fungi in bioremediation of heavy metal contamination has been developed recently. This research aims to observe the capability of filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil for bioremediation of mercury contamination in a substrate. Six fungal strains were selected based on their capability to grow in 25 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose agar plates. Fungal strain KRP1 showed the highest ratio of growth diameter, 0.831, thus was chosen for further observation.Identification based on colony and cell morphology carried out by 18S rRNA analysis gave a 98%match to Aspergillus flavus strain KRP1. The fungal characteristics in mercury(Ⅱ) contamination such as range of optimum pH, optimum temperature and tolerance level were 5.5–7 and 25–35℃ and 100 mg/L respectively. The concentration of mercury in the media affected fungal growth during lag phases. The capability of the fungal strain to remove the mercury(Ⅱ) contaminant was evaluated in 100 mL sterile 10 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose broth media in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks inoculated with 108spore/mL fungal spore suspension and incubation at 30℃ for 7 days. The mercury(Ⅱ) utilization was observed for flasks shaken in a 130 r/min orbital shaker(shaken) and nonshaken flasks(static) treatments. Flasks containing contaminated media with no fungal spores were also provided as control. All treatments were done in triplicate. The strain was able to remove 97.50%and 98.73% mercury from shaken and static systems respectively. A. flavus strain KRP1 seems to have potential use in bioremediation of aqueous substrates containing mercury(Ⅱ) through a biosorption mechanism.     

大型浮顶储罐雷击事故分析及防雷技术研究

通过对典型大型浮顶储罐雷击事故分析,总结了这些事故的共性问题。结合浮顶储罐雷击形式及雷电火花放电研究,分析了大型浮顶储罐雷击火灾事故的机理。岚山输油站在等电位连接、一次密封形式结构等方面进行技术改造,经过验证这些措施有效减少了大型浮顶储罐火灾事故的发生。     

一株耐低温石油降解菌的鉴定及降解特性

在低温条件下(15℃),从抚顺石油二厂曝气池活性污泥中驯化和分离得到一株以柴油为碳源的降解菌株Q21,通过菌体形态、生理生化反应特性和16S rDNA基因测序分析对其进行鉴定.菌株Q21为琼式不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii),该菌株利用柴油生长的最佳条件为:接种量为10%,生长温度为15℃,pH值为7.0,摇床转速为150 r·min-1,盐度为0.5%~1.0%,降解率为71.50%;降解后的残油组分经GC-MS分析结果表明,菌株Q21能降解柴油中所含的C9~C24之间大部分烷烃.     

苯酚微生物降解的正交实验研究

利用以苯酚为碳源的驯化液,对某焦化厂曝气池活性污泥进行驯化,经过分离、筛选,挑选出4株高效的苯酚降解菌,编号为h32a2、b31B、h31A和b41a,并通过菌落形态特征、简单染色及生理生化反应初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),依据正交实验确定了优势菌群降解苯酚的最佳条件为温度32℃,pH值7.5,菌培养时间16 h,接种量1%。     

某大型钢结构项目喷涂废气污染防治措施可行性分析研究

钢结构建筑是一种新型的节能环保的建筑体系,大多数大型钢结构产品在生产过程中均需要进行抛丸除锈、喷涂处理,使用油漆进行喷涂过程中将不可避免地产生含TVOC(主要为甲苯、二甲苯和非甲烷总烃)的有机废气。大型钢构类生产项目喷涂废气的收集和处理尤为困难。文章结合某大型钢结构生产企业实际采取的喷涂废气治理方法进行喷涂废气污染防治可行性分析,旨在为同类项目喷涂废气污染治理及进一步改良涂装废气治理工艺和技术提供参考依据。     

一株壬基酚降解菌的分离鉴定及其对壬基酚同分异构体降解特性研究

壬基酚(NP)是典型的内分泌干扰物,具有雌激素效应.目前对NP的研究主要集中于微生物降解对其整体去除效果,而对各NP同分异构体的降解行为尚缺乏系统性研究.从钱塘江沉积物中筛选得到一株能够降解NP的细菌,命名为N-1,实验室条件下该菌能以NP为唯一碳源生长.经形态、生理生化及16S rRNA基因序列分析,N-1鉴定为假黄单胞菌(Pseudoxanthomonas sp.).通过正交试验确定N-1降解NP的最适条件为:温度30℃,p H=7.0,菌量10%,NP浓度5~10 mg·L~(-1).最适条件下,N-1对NP 16 d整体降解率可达88.0%,对10种NP异构体降解率在69.7%~100%之间,说明N-1对NP同分异构体的降解具有结构-降解特性,即不同结构NP异构体表现出不一样的降解能力.进一步研究发现,NP异构体降解率随着NP烷基C链长度增加而升高,随着烷基取代基结构越复杂而降低.NP降解选择性导致的难降解成分残留现象,为NP类异构体污染物的微生物修复提供了一定的理论依据.     

L形和U形三维钝体结构绕流的数值模拟研究

采用大涡模型对L形和U形三维钝体建筑物的绕流特性和风压分布特性进行数值研究.考虑平均和脉动速度入口边界,在雷诺数为1.5×105～7×105条件下,对2种钝体的9种分析工况进行瞬态动力分析,并将计算结果与已有研究进行对比.研究表明,钝体绕流对周围流场影响的强弱程度依次为尾流区、屋顶区、来流区,影响大小随着流场与钝体之间...     

地基弹性参数对于长型大截面地下结构横向自由振动的影响

自由振动分析是地下结构地震动力响应分析的基础.本文利用笔者先前得到的长型地下结构的自由振动方程,研究了地基弹性参数对地下结构自由振动的影响.由分析可以看出,随着地基弹性参数值的增加,结构中波速值总的趋势是增加,但是温克尔地基参数对结构中波速的影响远大于第二地基参数的影响;地下结构振动频率总的趋势是随着温克尔地基参数(k...     

Effects of an Exotic Plant Invasion on Native Understory Plants in a Tropical Dry Forest

Abstract: The dry forests of southern India, which are endangered tropical ecosystems and among the world's most important tiger (Panthera tigris) habitats, are extensively invaded by exotic plants. Yet, experimental studies exploring the impacts of these invasions on native plants in these forests are scarce. Consequently, little is known about associated implications for the long‐term conservation of tigers and other biodiversity in these habitats. I studied the impacts of the exotic plant Lantana camara on understory vegetation in a dry‐forest tiger habitat in southern India. I compared the richness, composition, and abundance of tree seedlings, herbs, and shrubs and the abundance of grass among plots in which Lantana was cleared or left standing. These plots were distributed across two blocks—livestock free and livestock grazed. Removal of Lantana had an immediate positive effect on herb–shrub richness in the livestock‐free block, but had no effect on that of tree seedlings in either livestock block. Tree‐seedling and herb–shrub composition differed significantly between Lantana treatment and livestock block, and Lantana removal significantly decreased survival of tree seedlings. Nevertheless, the absence of trees, in any stage between seedling and adult, indicates that Lantana may stall tree regeneration. Lantana removal decreased the abundance of all understory strata, probably because forage plants beneath Lantana are less accessible to herbivores, and plants in Lantana‐free open plots experienced greater herbivory. Reduced access to forage in invaded habitats could negatively affect ungulate populations and ultimately compromise the ability of these forests to sustain prey‐dependent large carnivores. Additional research focused on understanding and mitigating threats posed by exotic plants may be crucial to the long‐term protection of these forests as viable tiger habitats.