Common volatiles are major attractants for neonate larvae of the specialist flea beetle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Altica koreana</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Olfactory stimuli play an important role in the host searching of larval phytophagous insects. Previous studies indicate that larvae that have to find feeding sites after hatching are generally attracted to host volatiles. However, there are few studies on the olfactory responses of neonate larvae to host volatiles in cases when those larvae hatched on the host plant. In the present study, we determined the olfactory responses of neonate larvae of the specialist flea beetle, Altica koreana Ogloblin, to host and six non-host plants, using a static-air "arena." Larvae responded significantly to the host plant Potentilla chinensis Ser. and five of six non-host plants, compared to the control. Larvae did not prefer the host plant over the non-host plants (except Artemisia sp.) when offered a choice. Additionally, odours of a non-host plant, which were unattractive to neonate larvae, may have masked the attractive odour of the host plant. These results indicate that common volatiles can play a major role in attracting larvae of this specialist to plants, but attraction to such odours may not be the major mechanism of host choice.     

Cu、Cd污染背景下加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对莴苣种子萌发和生长的生态毒理效应

在重金属污染加重及多样化的背景下,入侵植物对本地植物种子萌发和生长的生态毒理效应可能发生改变甚至增强。因此,本文探究了Cu和Cd单污染及其复合污染下入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对其本地近缘种莴苣种子萌发和生长的生态毒理效应。结果表明:加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液处理及3种重金属污染类型和加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液复合处理均显著降低莴苣种子发芽指数,表明重金属和加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液均对莴苣的种子萌发和生长产生明显生态毒理效应。Cu和Cd复合污染下加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对莴苣幼苗株高产生的生态毒理效应显著大于在Cu和Cd单污染下的生态毒理效应,而在Cu和Cd复合污染下加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对莴苣幼苗发芽速度指数产生的生态毒理效应也大于在Cu和Cd单污染下的生态毒理效应(未达到显著水平)。这表明在Cu和Cd复合污染下加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液对莴苣种子萌发产生的生态毒理效应大于在Cu和Cd单污染下的生态毒理效应,即Cu和Cd复合污染可能对加拿大一枝黄花对本地植物种子萌发和生长产生的生态毒理效应具有一定的叠加效应。     

CO2 leakage simulation: effects of the pH decrease on fertilisation and larval development of Paracentrotus lividus and sediment metals toxicity

Carbon capture and storage has become a new mitigation option to reduce anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. The effects of the CO₂-related acidification, associated with unpredictable leaks of CO₂ during the operational phases were studied using the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin-liquid-phase-assays (fertilisation and embryo-larval development tests). Besides to the direct effects of the CO₂-associated pH decrease, the possible effects on marine sediment toxicity were studied by exposing the urchin larvae to elutriate of sediments with different metals concentration, which were subjected to various pH treatments. The resulted median toxic effect pH ranged from 6.33?±?0.02 and 6.91?±?0.01 for the egg fertilisation, and between 6.66?±?0.03 and 7.16?±?0.01 for the larval development assays. Concentrations of Co, Zn, As, Cu, and Fe were detected in the sediment elutriates. For all the sediment elutriates tested the amount of the dissolved Zn increased in parallel with the pH reductions. Correlated effects of acidification, biological response, and the presence of dissolved metals were observed in this work evidencing that the most important factor controlling the reduction of egg fertilisation and larval development success was the combined effects of the reduction of pH and the presence of the contaminants (mainly Zn, Co, and As).     

三丁基锡对摇蚊幼虫的毒性作用

研究氯化三丁基锡对摇蚊幼虫的毒性作用,结果表明,ＴＢＴ对红德永摇蚊幼虫４８ｈＬＣ５０为２８５．４μｇ／Ｌ,ＴＢＴ对羽摇蚊幼虫２４ｈＬＣ５０为１６．６μｇ／Ｌ;１０ｄ中,ＴＢＴ浓度为２５μｇ／Ｌ时红德永摇纹幼虫的下唇板出现可观察到的畸变;     

香烟水溶性提取物对大鼠心肌线粒体的毒性

观察香烟水溶性提取物(CSE)和尼古丁对大鼠心肌线粒体的损伤作用.大鼠心肌线粒体分别与CSE或尼古丁于37℃温孵60min,结果表明,CSE明显降低线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)活性,呈剂量依赖性.但是ATPase活性不受影响.在线粒体呼吸活性受到抑制的同时,过氧化指标无明显变化.CSE对6.5mmol/L钙离子引起的线粒体肿胀反应具有抑制作用,但可加剧250mmol/L钙离子诱导的线粒体肿胀反应.维生素C对CSE造成的线粒体损伤无保护作用.未见尼古丁对体外大鼠心肌线粒体有毒性.CSE对心肌线粒体的损伤可能是由于它对呼吸酶活性的直接抑制作用而与氧自由基机制无关.尼古丁可能不是CSE损伤大鼠心肌线粒体的毒性成分.     

从电子陶瓷含银废料中提取硝酸银

从电子陶瓷厂含银废料中分离回收银.选择合适的HCl浓度、溴水加入量、溶解温度等工艺条件,提取银并制备硝酸银.实验结果表明,回收方法简单易行,制备的硝酸银达到工业级标准,银的总收率达95%以上.     

环境固体样品中多种甾体激素的同步检测方法及条件优化

采用超声辅助萃取-吸附剂净化-液相色谱-串联质谱同步检测环境固体样品中22种甾体激素,比较筛选了超声辅助萃取的有机溶剂和净化萃取液的吸附剂。结果表明,使用甲醇/乙腈/乙腈对固体样品中的甾体激素分别进行3次超声辅助萃取效果最佳,在0~150 mg/mL投加量范围内,N-丙基乙二胺粉末能有效减少浓缩萃取液中有机质的干扰并获得最高回收率,石墨碳粉末的有机质去除效果最好,但同时也造成目标物的显著损失,而硅胶粉末对有机质的去除效果不明显,因此选用N-丙基乙二胺粉末为萃取液的净化吸附剂,推荐使用量为150~400 mg/mL,在此优化条件下,22种甾体激素的标准曲线线性良好,方法检出限为0.025~0.696 μg/kg,加标回收率达到63.5%以上,且操作简便、耗时短,适用于各种复杂环境固体样品的检测分析。