一种压力容器封头非接触式扫描测量方法及误差分析

封头参数检测是确保封头质量,消除压力容器安全隐患的重要措施。传统接触式 的封头检测方法存在着诸多问题,为此,提出一种利用激光非接触式扫描进行封头参数 检测的方法。该方法利用支撑杆将激光扫描检测装置定位于封头端面,通过距离检测与 电机的旋转扫描,完成封头形状参数的检测。介绍该方法原理、操作过程,分析该方法 的误差。最后,对该方法进行实际测试验证。结果表明,该方法可以进行封头形状参数 的准确测量,误差同理论分析相符。     

基于视频技术的地点车速测定新方法

基于MPEG视频压缩技术的基本原理,提出了一种地点车速测定的新方法。该方法克服了雷达测速对测速角度要求苛刻、干扰正常行车而导致测量误差大的问题。借助普通的VTR录像机拍摄行车录像,应用视频处理软件VirtualDub,人工判读获取车辆接触两固定检测线的时间间隔,即可近似计算获得地点车速。实际应用中可通过调整两检测线的间距,来满足测速精度的要求。笔者还通过现场行车实验采集车速数据,进行了视频测速法与雷达测速法测速精度对比分析。     

Tm：YAP激光晶体的生长及激光性能的研究

采用提拉法生长了高质量的4%（原子分数）Tm∶YAP晶体。X射线粉末衍射分析确定生长的晶体为Tm∶YAP晶体。吸收光谱分析表明Tm∶YAP晶体在688和794nm有较强的吸收峰。采用793nm激光二极管泵浦Tm∶YAP晶体,实现了2.01μm激光输出,最大输出功率5.1W,光转换效率为37%,斜率效率高达43.5%,连续可调范围从1894～2066nm,在2010nm得到最大的输出功率值为1.84W。     

激光表面处理对工业级锆基块体非晶合金弯曲变形和缺口韧性的影响

目的 改善块体非晶合金的弯曲力学性能,同时考虑航空结构材料选材的经济性,研究激光表面处理工艺对工业级Zr_49.7Ti₂Cu_37.8Al₁₀Er_0.5块体非晶合金弯曲变形和缺口韧性的影响规律。方法 采用低纯原料和低真空制备条件获得工业级Zr_49.7Ti₂Cu_37.8Al₁₀Er_0.5块体非晶合金试样,考虑到弯曲条件下试样受到拉伸和压缩2种正应力状态,研究不同处理工艺和激光处理表面对试样弯曲变形和缺口韧性的影响。结果 当激光处理表面位于弯曲试样的2个侧表面时,其对试样的塑性变形能力和断裂强度没有明显的影响,但会显著降低试样的缺口韧性,从(56.4±3.4)MPa·m^1/2降低到(26.2±4.8)MPa·m^1/2;激光处理表面位于弯曲试样的受拉侧时,试样的弯曲断裂强度从2 150 MPa降低到1 800 MPa;当激光处理表面位于...     

He-Ne激光诱变选育高效石油烃降解菌的研究

采用He-Ne激光器对绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)进行激光诱变育种。在激光照射功率10 mW,时间10 min条件下,筛选到一株遗传性状稳定的高效石油烃降解菌PS 2。摇瓶实验发现当培养液中初始柴油含量为0.2%～0.5%(V/V)、温度为30℃左右、pH值为7～8的条件下,突变菌PS 2对石油烃的降解效果最好。在最适生长条件下,突变菌PS 2在120 h内将培养液中的石油烃完全降解且不存在延滞期,比出发菌株少用24 h。结果表明,He-Ne激光诱变育种技术是获得高效石油烃降解菌的有效途径之一。     

Direct spectral analysis and determination of high content of carcinogenic bromine in bread using UV pulsed laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for the detection of carcinogenic elements like bromine in four representative brands of loaf bread samples and the measured bromine concentrations were 352, 157, 451, and 311 ppm, using Br I (827.2 nm) atomic transition line as the finger print atomic transition. Our LIBS system is equipped with a pulsed laser of wavelength 266 nm with energy 25 mJ pulse^?1, 8 ns pulse duration, 20 Hz repetition rate, and a gated ICCD camera. The LIBS system was calibrated with the standards of known concentrations in the sample (bread) matrix and such plot is linear in 20–500 ppm range. The capability of our system in terms of limit of detection and relative accuracy with respect to the standard inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) technique was evaluated and these values were 5.09 ppm and 0.01–0.05, respectively, which ensures the applicability of our system for Br trace level detection, and LIBS results are in excellent agreement with that of ICPMS results.     

Chlorination-induced cellular damage and recovery in marine microalga, Chlorella salina

Power plants employ chlorination for controlling biofouling in the cooling water system. Phytoplankton drawn into the cooling water system could be impacted by chemical stress induced by the oxidizing biocide. It is likely that microalgae, being sensitive to chlorine, could suffer damage to their cellular structure and function. In this study, we present data on the effect of in-use concentrations of chlorine on the unicellular microalga, Chlorella salina. Chlorophyll autofluorescence was measured in terms of mean fluorescence intensity per cell for rapid assessment of toxicity. Viability of the cells exposed to chlorine was determined by fluorescein diacetate staining. Functionality of the photosynthetic machinery was assessed by gross primary productivity. Results from the study, which combined confocal laser scanning microscopy with image analysis, showed a significant dose-dependant reduction in chlorophyll autofluorescence, esterase activity and gross primary productivity in chlorine-treated cells. Interestingly, the cells injured by chlorination could not recover in terms of autofluorescence, esterase activity or productivity even after 18 h incubation in healthy media. Among the test points evaluated, esterase activity appeared to be sensitive for determining the chlorination-induced impact. Our results demonstrate that low-dose chlorination causes significant decrease in chlorophyll autofluorescence, intracellular esterase activity and primary productivity in Chlorella cells.