2005年春季亚洲尘的激光雷达观测

呼和浩特的激光雷达自2003年设置以来不间断地进行着测定。观测结果表明2005年春季沙尘发生次数较少。从1月到5月只观测到5次，其中3次发生在4月份。2004年的沙尘季节出现较早，在3月份就发生过多次。与其相比今年沙尘发生的季节较晚。在所有发生的沙尘现象中最大规模的沙尘现象发生在2005年4月28—29日。激光雷达观测到的消光系数超过2km^-1。（相当于重量浓度为3．5mg／m^3）该沙尘层的高度达到2km，沙尘浓度最高的区域分布在自地面至1km高处。（北京的观测结果表明，在高度2km附近有漂浮的沙尘层。另外，利用CFORS模型模拟的后向轨迹线的解析结果推断其发生源在蒙古南部地区。2005年的特征是在中国境内产生的次数较少，在蒙古发生的次数较多。因此，推断这主要是由于蒙古国境内积雪较少的原因所致。）     

2016年冬季北京地区一次重污染天气过程边界层特征

利用中国气象局地面常规观测资料、微脉冲激光雷达（MINI-MPL）、风廓线雷达资料、生态环境部大气成分等资料,对2016年12月16~21日京津冀多地污染过程的生消特征、与气象条件的关系以及边界层的结构特点进行了分析.结果表明：大气处于静稳状态,低层大气盛行偏南气流,大气湿度持续增加,加之北京三面环山不利于污染物扩散的特殊地形是造成北京此次严重空气污染的重要因素.重污染期间,污染物主要聚集在800m高度以下,严重污染时,污染物高度甚至仅有400m左右.风廓线雷达反演风场显示：2次PM_2.5浓度快速上升阶段低层伴随持续偏南风或偏东风.污染过程期间,逆温结构明显,两次污染快速发展阶段恰好出现在两次逆温最强时段.此次污染天气过程,激光雷达退偏振比总体小于0.25,反映污染主要是人类活动产生气溶胶,前期以一次排放颗粒物为主,后期以二次转化颗粒物为主.退偏振比污染过程前期呈明显日变化特征,且白天退偏比比夜间高.     

全新的模具制造快速成形技术

快速成形技术 (RPM)是一门新兴的制造技术 ,给模具制造企业带来了巨大的经济效益 ,被称为制造领域的又一重大突破。对RPM技术原理、方法及特点进行了分析与探讨。     

微区有机质激光热解GC/MS新技术及其应用

微区有机质激光热解GC/MS是国际上近年来发展起来的新分析技术。它利用激光的高相干性和高平行性准确地聚焦于有机质表面某个微小区域内 ,使之发生热降解而产生能反映有机质化学组成和结构的分子级产物 ,借助GC/MS系统进行分离和鉴定。这一新技术为生油岩和煤中单个显微有机组分的研究开辟了一条途径 ,在生油岩评价、油气源对比和油藏地球化学研究中有广泛的应用前景。     

Management of fetofetal transfusion syndrome

Feto-fetal transfusion syndrome contributes heavily to high rates of perinatal mortality and morbidity in monochorionic multiple pregnancies. Its prenatal management has been controversial for at least 25 years. We review the recent literature in order to present the basis for a pragmatic reappraisal of the management of this condition. Laser surgery of the chorionic plate inter-twin anastomoses is the best first-line treatment when the syndrome develops before 26 weeks' gestation. Survival (including quality of survival) and gestational age at delivery are improved when compared to serial amnioreduction. Second-line treatment options include repeat-laser, intra-uterine blood transfusion, serial amnioreduction, selective feticide using bipolar cord coagulation or elective delivery, depending upon gestational age and the severity of the disease and its complications. We have found that fetoscopic placental surgery has proven itself over simplicity of amnioreduction. There is no evidence that treatment should be customized according to the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Early recognition of the syndrome through fortnightly serial ultrasound follow-up of all monochorionic pregnancies should ensure timely referral and make up for geographical constraints. Laser surgery should now be available in fetal medicine units that are managing at least 20 cases per year. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detennination of trace uranium in environment by laser induced fluorescence method

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Decadal and Episodic Changes in Morphology and Migration of the Confluence Bar of Two Alluvial Rivers in Louisiana,USA

Past research on fluvial dynamics at the confluence of two alluvial rivers has mainly focused on downstream flow structure and bed scoring, often using laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. Little is investigated about yearly and episodic dynamics of confluence mouth bars that can affect downstream morphology using field measurements. In this study, we analyzed the migration of a confluence mouth bar of two free meandering alluvial rivers, the Amite and Comite Rivers in coastal Louisiana, USA from 2002 to 2017. Remote sensing images were utilized to investigate the decade‐long morphologic changes. To assess episodic dynamics, we employed terrestrial laser scanning measurements to acquire high‐accuracy digital elevation models at the confluence before and after three floods in 2017. Our study found that the Amite‐Comite confluence mouth bar migrated downstream 55 m in the past 15 years, and its angle reduced by 55° from 100° to 45°. The fast migration was a result of sediment deposition and channel deformation around the confluence mainly during the years when the tributary‐to‐main channel discharge was lower (<0.25). The study further reveals that a single moderate flood could strongly affect the mouth bar, as shown by an increase of the projected surface area by 114% and an increase of volume of the confluence mouth bar by 68%.     

Evaluation and sensitivity of cyanobacteria,Nostoc muscorum and Synechococcus PCC 7942 for heavy metals stress – a step toward biosensor

This study attempted to determine the effects of heavy metals on the photosynthetic blue-green algae for their potential to use as a biosensor. The bioaccumulation of metals and its effects on pigments of Nostoc muscorum and Synechococcus PCC 7942 were assessed. The culture was grown in BG 11 liquid medium supplied with different metals like mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) and incubated (µM 20 concentrations) for 10 days under optimal conditions. The accumulated amounts of metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The stress effects on photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a (Chl a) were monitored by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Bio-concentration factor (BCF) reached a peak in cells on the 2nd day of incubation followed by a gradual reduction. The highest reduction in the pigment concentrations (Chl a and β carotene) was observed at 20?µM?L^?1 Hg treatment. The results indicate that, cyanobacteria may serve as both potential species to be used as a biosensor and used to clean up heavy metals from contaminated water. These changes were analyzed with the long-term goal of exploiting cyanobacterial cells as biosensors.     

激光相变硬化提高模具寿命的探讨

介绍了激光相变硬化的原理 ,并分析其提高模具寿命的针对性 ,进而讨论了激光相变硬化提高模具寿命的机理