Enhanced removal of I− on hierarchically structured layered double hydroxides by in suit growth of Cu/Cu2O

To further improve the removal ability of layered double hydroxide(LDH) for iodide(I~-) anions from wastewater, we prepared hierarchically porous Cu_5Mg_(10)Al_5-LDH and used as a matrix for in suit growth of Cu/Cu_2O on its surface, forming Cu/Cu_2O-LDH, which was characterized and applied as an adsorbent.Results displayed high I~-saturation uptake capability(137.8 mg/g) of Cu/Cu_2O-LDH compared with Cu_5Mg_(10)Al_5-LDH(26.4 mg/g) even thermal activated LDH(76.1 mg/g).Thermodynamic analysis showed that the reaction between I~-anions and Cu/Cu_2O-LDH is a spontaneous and exothermic.Uptake kinetics analysis exhibited that adsorption equilibrium can be reached after 265 min.Additionally, the adsorbent showed satisfactory selectivity in the presence of competitive anions(e.g., SO_4~(2-)), and could achieve good adsorption performance in a wide pH range of 3–8.A cooperative adsorption mechanism was proposed on the basis of the following two aspects:(1) ion exchange between iodide and interlayer anions;(2) the adsorption performance of Cu, Cu(Ⅱ) and Cu_2O for I~-.Meanwhile, the difference between the adsorption mechanism of Cu/Cu_2O-LDH, Cu_5Mg_(10)Al_5-LDH and Cu_5Mg_(10)Al_5-CLDH adsorbents was also elaborated and verified.     

多年冻土区铁路路基沉降变形研究与思考

根据青藏铁路路堤、路堑过渡带冻土路基分层沉降变形现场监测资料,笔者分析了路基变形的来源及机理。研究结果表明,路堑段,路基沉降变形主要来源于路基换填土层的固结变形;零填段,路基沉降变形主要来源于路基基底以下至原冻土上限之间活动层的压密变形;路堤段,路基沉降变形主要来源于高温-高含冰量冻土在较高附加应力作用下产生的压缩及蠕变变形,该变形在目前尚无明显衰减趋势,且相同时期各层沉降量明显比路堑段及零填段大,必须引起注意;最后从国内外研究现状讨论了系统开展高温-高含冰量冻土区路基变形研究的必要性和紧迫性。     

建筑抗浮设计水位取值方法——以北京市某工程为例

近年来,随着首都北京城市建设的高速发展,城市建设用地越来越少,地下空间的开发和利用成为发展的必然趋势。大量带有纯地下车库的高层建筑,以及地下管廊、下沉式广场的兴建,使抗浮问题非常突出。抗浮标准如何确定,抗浮水位如何取值,各类规范均没有明确规定,传统方法多依据经验确定抗浮水位取值,缺乏理论依据,不符合客观实际情况,使得抗浮设计存在安全隐患或增大了工程造价。笔者以北京市区某一工程为例,通过研究区域内浅层地下水的赋存与渗流特性,水位变化的历史过程和影响因素,通过渗流分析,从客观的角度提出建筑抗浮设计水位的取值方法,使得取值更具科学性和经济性。     

双层炉排锅炉如何正确操作

根据双层炉排锅炉的特点，从锅炉的安装、点火、燃烧的调节、调风、停炉和调火六个方面阐述了正确操作的方法。     

BANK STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR PREDICTING REACH SCALE LAND LOSS AND SEDIMENT YIELD1

ABSTRACT: When extensive lengths of river become stabilized (e.g., by channel incision), riverbank erosion can result in considerable riparian land loss and the delivery of large volumes of sediment downstream. The ability to predict the stability and failure geometry of eroding riverbanks is therefore an important prerequisite in estimating the rate of bank erosion and sediment yield associated with bank erosion. In this paper, a new stability analysis for layered river banks is introduced. The new analysis differs from many previous analyses in that it takes into consideration the effects of positive pore water pressure in the saturated portion, and negative pore water pressure in the unsaturated portion, of the bank as well as the influence of hydrostatic confining pressure due to the water level in the river. In addition, the failure plane is not constrained to pass through the toe of the bank and the bank profile geometry is not restricted to an idealized special case. The predictive ability of the new bank stability analysis is assessed using data from two field sites. Subsequently, a methodology for applying the bank stability analysis at the scale of the river reach (0.1 to 10 km) is discussed. This method involves the use of empirical models of bed level adjustment to estimate the magnitude of incision at specific locations along the reach, with these estimates used to drive the stability analysis. Application of the new method is demonstrated with an example.     

环境税的倍加红利效应及CGE模型对其的支持

归纳分析了环境税"倍加红利"效应的主要观点,通过推介国外应用可计算一般均衡模型(CGE)分析环境税倍加红利效用的经验,提出了在我国开征环境税和应用CGE模型对其进行分析的构想,以期为寻求环境税在我国的开征提供理论和实践依据。     

秸秆还田对农田周年地表径流氮、磷、钾流失的影响

2009—2010年在大田试验条件下,小麦季和水稻季分别以扬麦16和运2645为供试材料,两季均设置常规处理（A）、秸秆还田（B）、秸秆还田减肥（C）、肥料运筹（D）和少免耕（E）5个处理组合。研究不同处理对稻麦两熟制农田周年地表径流氮、磷、钾流失的影响。结果表明：（1）稻麦两季农田共发生地表径流20次,总地表径流水量为6.4×106kg·hm-2;（2）秸秆还田能够显著降低稻麦两熟制农田周年地表径流氮、磷、钾流失量,不同处理周年地表径流总氮和钾的流失量由高到低均依次为少免耕、常规处理、肥料运筹、秸秆还田和秸秆还田减肥,不同处理周年地表径流总磷流失量由高到低依次为少免耕、肥料运筹、常规处理、秸秆还田和秸秆还田减肥,秸秆还田使稻麦两熟制农田地表径流氮、磷、钾流失量分别比常规处理下降7.7%、8.0%、6.8%;（3）水稻季农田地表径流总氮、总磷、钾流失量分别占稻麦两熟制周年总氮、总磷、钾流失量的61.5%、44.0%、73.3%;（4）秸秆还田使稻麦两熟制农田周年地表径流氮、磷、钾流失率显著降低;（5）秸秆还田使水稻成熟期土壤速效养分质量分数显著提高;（6）秸秆还田使稻麦两熟制农田周年作物产量比常规处理略有增加。     

城市道路尘的二重源解析方法与应用实例

采用"二重源解析"技术解析了太原市的各单一源类对城市道路尘(以下简称道路尘)的贡献值和分担率;各单一源类和道路尘对城市扬尘的贡献值和分担率;同时解析了各单一源类、道路尘和城市扬尘对环境空气颗粒物的贡献值和分担率。各源类对PM10的贡献率分别是:城市扬尘,27%;道路尘,20%;土壤风沙尘,10%;煤烟尘,13%;建筑水泥尘,10%;机动车尾气尘,11%;钢铁尘,1%;其他,8%。     

用改性膨润土作垃圾填埋场底部衬里的试验

结合JeanFrank提出的双层矿物基底衬里(DMBL)的新概念设计了新型垃圾填埋场的底部防护系统,通过土柱对比实验,对DMBL中的高度反应层和“惰性”层位置不同时,衬里对渗滤液的渗透和衰减能力进行了研究.结果表明,无论高度反应层在“惰性”层的上方还是下方,DMBL的渗透系数可达到1×10^-7cm/s以下,但有机膨润土层放置在“惰性”层下方时,不但防渗性能较好,而且对渗滤液中有机物、铁离子的去除率分别达到58%、98%,对NH₄⁺、锌离子等也表现出较好的去除效果.     

现代垃圾填埋技术设计理念及其工程应用

对现代垃圾填埋技术的设计要点进行归纳,并结合上海市老港填埋场四期工程介绍其在工程设计中的具体应用。