湿法处理工业废渣热力学分析

根据冶金，煤炭及无机化工工业类废渣的物理化学性质，通过Ｍ＾ｎ＋ ｅ－Ｈ２Ｏ系和Ｍ＾ｎ＋ｅ－Ｆ＾－Ｈ２Ｏ系热力学平衡图，对废渣中硅，铝，铁及钙镁等主要矿物的溶出热力学行为进行了分析。     

贵州地区酸雨作用下典型森林植被冠层淋溶规律研究

选择贵州龙里生态园为研究区域,对当地马尾松林和针阔混交林2种典型植被的冠层穿透水化学特征进行了比较,分析了酸雨作用下植被的冠层淋溶规律.对2007年6月～2008年11月的监测数据的分析结果表明,酸雨经过森林冠层后,pH值明显升高,针阔混交林对酸雨的缓冲性能优于马尾松林.在常年酸沉降作用下,2种冠层对NH4+具有较强的吸收作用,对NO3-也有一定的吸收,对当地土壤酸化起到了一定的缓冲作用.通过雨量加权计算,研究区森林冠层析出量最大是Mg2+、K+、Ca2+等营养元素离子,长期的酸雨影响易造成森林营养亏损.     

岩溶山区工业固体废弃物的二次水污染环境影响

中国岩溶山区每年都要产生大量的工业固体废弃物,这些工业固体废弃物在堆存过程中,主要由于降水的淋溶作用,引起了二次水污染现象,对地表地下水环境产生了很大影响。在建设项目环境影响评价工作中必须对此加以重视。     

Degradation and sorption of imidacloprid in dissimilar surface and subsurface soils

Degradation and sorption/desorption are important processes affecting the leaching of pesticides through soil. This research characterized the degradation and sorption of imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine) in Drummer (silty clay loam) and Exeter (sandy loam) surface soils and their corresponding subsurface soils using sequential extraction methods over 400 days. By the end of the incubation, approximately 55% of imidacloprid applied at a rate of 1.0 mg kg^?1 degraded in the Exeter sandy loam surface and subsurface soils, compared to 40% of applied imidacloprid within 300 days in Drummer surface and subsurface soils. At the 0.1 mg kg^?1 application rate, dissipation was slower for all four soils. Water-extractable imidacloprid in Exeter surface soil decreased from 98% of applied at day 1 to > 70% of the imidacloprid remaining after 400 d, as compared to 55% in the Drummer surface soil at day 1 and 12% at day 400. These data suggest that imidacloprid was bioavailable to degrading soil microorganisms and sorption/desorption was not the limiting factor for biodegradation. In subsurface soils > 40% of ¹⁴C-benzoic acid was mineralized over 21 days, demonstrating an active microbial community. In contrast, cumulative ¹⁴CO₂ was less than 1.5% of applied ¹⁴C-imidacloprid in all soils over 400 d. Qualitative differences in the microbial communities appear to limit the degradation of imidacloprid in the subsurface soils.     

Multi-element analysis of road-deposited sediment in an urban drainage basin, Honolulu, Hawaii

Road-deposited sediment (RDS) and its associated contaminant load play a critical role in degrading receiving water bodies. Few quantitative multi-element RDS studies exist, and there are none from Hawaii. This lack of baseline data combined with concerns with high concentrations of Pb and Cu in fish and enrichment of Cu, Pb and Zn in bed sediments from Manoa Stream, Hawaii, lead to a detailed characterization of RDSs in Manoa basin. Data for a total analysis of 23 elements using inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis and 16 elements using a 0.5 M HCl partial leach are presented for RDSs and background soils. Concentration data, comparisons with environmental guidelines, and concentration enrichment ratios (CERs) all indicate that RDS in Manoa has a significant degree of anthropogenic pollution. The most environmentally important elements were Pb, Sb and Zn. Concentrations of these elements, primarily vehicle contributed, compare favorably with those from other studies of RDS. The high mean concentration of Pb (151 mg/kg) compared to background soils (13 mg/kg) indicates remobilization of Pb previously stored in soils and transported to road surfaces by water erosion processes. The higher Pb CER(Total) in RDSs compared to bed sediments from Manoa Stream suggests a potential link via ubiquitous storm drains and subsequent dilution with less contaminated fluvial sediments. Data from the HCl leach also support Pb and Zn as having significant anthropogenic signals, and Cu having a moderate signal. These data indicate that RDSs in Manoa basin are generally contaminated with certain potentially toxic elements and the legacy of past use of leaded gasoline is still a concern in this urban drainage system.     

国外关于稳定化/固化的有毒有害污染物的渗漏实验方法的研究进展

以水泥为基质的稳定化 /固化 (Stabilization/solidification)的方法在国外广泛用于无机、有机、有毒有害污染物的最终处置 ,已经有数十年的历史。论文较全面地介绍了拟合被这种稳定化 /固化过程处理过的污染物在自然界条件下短期和长期的污染物泄漏过程 ,即所谓短期、长期的渗漏行为的实验方法和数学模型 ,并总结了现有几种用来模拟短期或长期渗漏行为的渗漏实验方法和适用于这些实验方法的数学预测模型的应用条件。     

Fe3++草酸盐络合物/H2O2/日光体系对垃圾渗滤液的处理

以Fe^3 草酸盐络合物／H2O2作光氧化剂，利用太阳光对垃圾渗滤液进行了光氧化降解实验。结果表明：在溶液的初始pH为3．0，H2O2投加量为460mg/L，ρ(Fe^3 )为20mg／L条件下，反应60min后，CODC4去除率可达80％左右；溶液的pH，P(H2O2)和ρ(Fe^3 )对光解过程有显著影响，而且在太阳光的照射下，CODCr去除率比在紫外光下高。在一定实验条件下，用日光／H2O2／草酸铁体系对城市垃圾渗滤液处理效果较好，可作为垃圾渗滤液的深度处理。     

pH值对P—204萃取分离Zn^2＋,Cu^2＋的影响试验

考察了ｐＨ值对萃取剂Ｐ－２０２４在Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋Ｎｉ＾２＋等金属离子共存的Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中萃取分离Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋的影响，从而得出了在有共苯金属离子干扰的情况下，萃取分离Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋的最佳ｐＨ范围。     

二段净化渣综合利用

通过对二段净化渣浸出锌的试验研究，探索出了二段净化渣处理的最佳工艺技术控制条件，在生产实际中效果良好     

模拟酸雨对沙柱中废弃线路板组成元素的影响

通过室内土柱淋溶实验,研究模拟酸雨对废弃线路板组成元素的影响,并分析了浸出液的组分特征和变化规律.结果表明,废弃线路板中组成元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Ca、Mg和Cl) 浸出浓度随酸雨pH值的降低而增大;其中Cu、Pb和Zn的浸出浓度随淋溶液体积的增大呈现先增加后降低的趋势;而Cl、Ca和Mg的浸出浓度在淋溶初期达到最大值,之后随着淋溶液体积的增大而减小;Cu和Pb的浸出浓度在平稳状态仍然远大于国家地表水Ⅲ类标准.使用Visual MINTEQ软件模拟浸出液中Cu、Pb和Zn 3种元素的组分存在形态表明,Pb和Zn主要以Pb2＋和Zn2＋为优势态,Cu在pH4.0时,主要存在形态为CuSO4(aq).