乐山市区大气硫氧化物污染状况及相关因子分析

本文研究了乐山市区较大面积范围内的大气硫氧化物相对污染水平。通过分析绘出了较详细的污染图谱;在得出SO_x时间分布规律基础上,了解了与它相关的因子;用模糊聚类方法,对乐山城区大气SO_2监测点提出了优化方案;并针对乐山市的大气状况,提出了对策。     

基于210Pb和137Cs计年法的黄河下游湿地沉积速率研究初探

本文利用²¹⁰Pb和¹³⁷Cs计年方法分析探讨黄河下游湿地沉积速率演化与上游水沙变化的响应关系。结果表明，²¹⁰Pb比活度大致指数衰减趋势以及¹³⁷Cs蓄积峰的鉴出，表明放射性核素手段在黄河下游湿地的沉积学研究具有一定可行性。基于²¹⁰Pb的CIC模式和CRS模式得出的沉积速率分别为1.68 cm/a和0.67~2.76 cm/a；基于¹³⁷Cs剖面的1963年和1986年两个蓄积峰，计算自下而上沉积速率分别为2.67 cm/a、1.08 cm/a和1.21 cm/a。研究发现，近几十年黄河下游湿地沉积速率呈逐渐减小趋势，这与黄河流域气候变化、上游流域建坝、水土保持和下游水资源利用存在密切关系。此外，水库调度方式也在一定程度上影响下游沉积速率，虽然下游淤积量不变，但洪峰的"削平"导致泥沙难以淤积于湿地。     

判别符合率递增法辅助酚类化合物构效关系研究

计算了酚类化合物的分子连接性指数及其在正辛醇和水之间的分配系数ｌｏｇＰ，运用新近提出的数学方法－判别符合率递增法，对酚类化合物的构效关系进行了研究，所得结果优于逐步判别法及穷举法。     

大气监测仪器维护检修能力的评价

一直以来,环境大气监测的数据精度与维护成本,始终是数据应用部门和数据提供部门的难题之一.作者谷学先生根据多年的实档践,首次提出,运用数据对大气监测仪器维护管理进行评价的可行性,并试图建立仪器维护管理作业量化的评价系统.在仪器维护管理中,任何时候,都很难完全排除技术水平比较低的仪器维护检修人员,为了回避这种实际情况,作者通过对数字的分析指出,急需构建环境大气监测仪器维护管理业务能力的评价系统,并期待地方自制体通过评价手段,来选择和指导监测仪器维护管理人员.从而提高数据的精度和减低运转经费的开支.     

内蒙古河套灌区春小麦苗期生态系统CO2通量变化研究

在内蒙古河套灌区用连续自动采样箱的方法对不同施肥方式下的春小麦生态系统CO2净交换(NEE)进行观测,发现苗期(出苗-拔节期)春小麦生态系统主要是一个CO2净交换逐渐增大,固定碳逐渐增加的过程.在速效肥条件下,春小麦生态系统苗期CO2净交换的变化为-390.20～901.25 mg·m-2·d-1,日呼吸量在-800.35～-5865.22 mg·m-2·d-1;缓释肥负荷下CO2净交换变化为-206.00～1258.36 mg·m-2·d-1,日呼吸量在-407.02～-4986.52mg·m-2·d-1."-"表示从生态系统中丢失碳.从CO2净交换中减去生态系统的呼吸速率就得到植物的光合速率.采取缓释的施肥方式可以减少苗期CO2释放.此外,用气象因子包括瞬时光合有效辐射(PAR)、空气温度和土壤温度等对光合速率和呼吸速率构建简单的模型去模拟CO2通量的变化速率.结果表明,PAR与大气温度和10cm土壤温度分别是制约苗期春小麦生态系统呼吸和光合速率的主要因素.     

Climate Change and Local Pollution Effects – An Integrated Approach

Few studies on measures for mitigation of damage caused by man-made emissions to the environment have tried to consider all major effects. We illustrate the importance of an integrated approach by estimating costs and benefits of a proposed energy saving program for Hungary, originally designed to reduce CO2 emissions. The dominant benefit of implementing the program is likely to be reduced health damage from local pollutants. Also reduced costs of material damage and to a lesser extent vegetation damage contribute to make the net benefit considerable. Compared to the reduction in these local and regional effects, the benefits from reducing greenhouse gases are likely to be minor. Since local effects in general occur much earlier after measures have been implemented than effects of increased emissions of greenhouse gases, inclusion of local effects makes evaluation of climate policy less dependent on the choice of discount rate. In our opinion, similar results are likely for many measures originally designed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases particularly in some areas in developing countries with high local pollution levels. Main uncertainties in the analysis, e.g. in the relationships between damage and pollution level, are discussed.     

应用PFU法监测印染废水净化效能的研究

应用PFU法对印染废水净化效能进行了监测。结果表明：微型生物群落的结构参数和功能参数均较好地反映了印染废水的净化效能，水体流速对群集速度有一定的影响。     

The development of fetal behavioural states: A longitudinal study

In order to evaluate the development of fetal behavioural states a longitudinal study was performed on 35 healthy fetuses during the last trimester of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR), gross fetal body movements (FM), fetal eye movements (FEM), fetal breathing movements (FBM) and micturition were simultaneously studied at two-week intervals from 28 weeks gestation onwards. Well-defined fetal behavioural states were observed only after 36 weeks gestation. Between 28 and 36 weeks the quiet-activity cycle of FHR was always detected and some fetal biophysical activites seemed to become related around this cycle.     

液可清(ACF32)处理垃圾渗滤液的初步实验研究

采用液可清(ACF32)对垃圾渗滤液进行了处理,重点对其感官指标进行了观察测定,初步揭示对气味、颜色、浊度和生物毒性都有较明显的处理效果。     

压力对镜质组反射率与烃类生成的影响

镜质组反射率是广泛使用的成熟度参数 ,长期以来人们普遍认为温度和时间是控制镜质组反射率的主要因素 ,而压力对反射率的影响人们知之甚少。本文综述了模拟实验和地质实例中压力对镜质组反射率和烃类生成影响的不同观点。介绍了过压造成镜质组反射率延尺的两个动力学模型