SUBSURFACE QUALITY TRANSFORMATIONS DURING THE INITIATION OF A NEW STABILIZATION LAGOON1

ABSTRACT Raw sewage was metered into a newly-constructed lagoon of the Pima County Department of Sanitation, Tucson, Arizona. Seepage losses were calculated from data on inflow, evaporation and change in storage. Water samples were obtained from shallow suction cups, a 40 ft. and a 60 ft. PVC well and a 100 ft. access tube, all located inside the lagoon. Samples from these wells, together with water samples from the lagoon, were examined for conform organisms and various physical and chemical constituents. Of special concern were transformations in nitrogen. Estimated seepage rates in the lagoon during inundation ranged from 0.20 ft. per day to 0.10 ft. per day. Water level observations in wells reflected the percolation of effluent to the water table, 70 ft. below land surface. Initially, the nitrate ion levels in the suction cup samples were high, manifesting the leaching of indigenous soil nitrogen. With the onset of anaerobic conditions at the base of the lagoon, nitrification was inhibited at the soil surface and ammonia became the predominant form of nitrogen in the soil solution. Sorption of ammonium ion appeared to occur on clay particles in a soil zone of high cation exchange capacity. There were no undesirable microbial or chemical effects of recharge from lagoon seepage on native groundwater quality.     

Alkaline leaching of metal melting industry wastes and separation of zinc and lead in the leach solution

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钻井过程人员异常行为视频智能识别系统

针对钻井现场视频监控人工值守工作量大、异常行为识别不及时、海量视频数据缺乏实时报警等问题,结合钻井作业操作规程建立井控坐岗监测、起下钻、甩钻具等钻井作业场景典型异常行为判别规则,在基于卷积神经网络的目标检测方法基础上,引入SIFT方法和基于强化学习的困难样本筛选策略,提高了算法识别的准确率与鲁棒性。测试结果表明,在像素分辨率1 920×1 080的情况下,该方法整体识别准确率达到85%以上,平均识别速度为135 ms/帧。在此基础上,开发了钻井过程人员异常行为智能识别系统,试点应用结果表明,该系统能够对接入的视频流进行实时检测,及时、准确识别出坐岗人员擅自离岗、起下钻及甩钻具过程人员危险站位等异常行为,有效提升钻井现场安全管理水平。     

稀土矿废弃地植被恢复过程中土壤微生物演变

以福建长汀典型离子型稀土矿堆浸冶炼废弃地作为研究对象，采取"空间代时间"的方法，对堆浸废弃地不同植物恢复年限样地土壤理化性质及微生物进行调查测定，分析植物恢复对稀土矿堆浸废弃地土壤理化特性及微生物的影响.结果表明：在植被恢复第3a和4a土壤理化性质显著高于未治理废弃地，但仍显著低于矿区周边未开采对照（P<0.05）.植被恢复年4a以后，长汀稀土矿废弃地土壤理化性质则呈下降趋势，但仍显著高于未治理废弃地（P<0.05）.长汀稀土矿堆浸废弃地不同植被恢复年限土壤细菌丰度及多样存在一定差异.随植被恢复年限的增加，土壤细菌多样性及丰度降低，但一些特殊细菌群如γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）、a-变形杆菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、蓝藻菌门（Cyanobacteria）等在不同植被恢复年限样地中其相对丰度明显增加.具有固氮作用的蓝藻菌门（Cyanobacteria）随着植被恢复年限的增加，其相对丰度降低.广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）仅存在于未开采对照样地；土壤寡营养细菌酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）随植被恢复年限的增加，相对丰度呈增大趋势.土壤中优势菌群广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、β-变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、Methanobacterium属、罗尔斯通菌属（Ralstonia）与土壤pH、全磷、全钾、速效磷等呈正相关.土壤pH值、全磷、全钾等是影响广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）等细菌菌群多样性及相对丰度变化的重要因素.以上结果表明，离子型稀土矿堆浸废弃地植被恢复治理到3~4a时，应采取防治措施对其进行人工抚育管理，否则可能会出现前期恢复后期退化的问题.     

灭幼脲Ⅲ号在土壤中的吸附与淋溶

用批量平衡法研究了昆虫生长调节剂灭幼脲Ⅲ号在四种不同类型土壤中的吸附行为,测定其吸附常数,给出吸附等温线;并研究了它在上述四种土壤中的淋溶行为.结果表明,Freun-dlich经验公式能较好地描述灭幼脲Ⅲ号在土壤中的吸附状况.试验表明,该农药在土壤中的迁移能力较差。     

北京市工业固体有害废物浸出毒性研究

本文介绍了北京市工业固体废物和有害废物产生及利用情况 ,对采集的有害废物样品进行预处理后 ,用超声波浸提法制备浸出液进行浸出毒性实验 ,并对浸出毒性的影响因素进行研究 ,确定最佳浸提条件     

煤矸石中重金属的淋滤特征研究

以内蒙古某矿区的煤矸石为研究对象,采用试验模拟法对煤矸石中的重金属的淋滤特征进行研究.结果表明:经过8 d的淋滤试验,重金属淋滤强度达到稳定,各个样品中各元素的最大淋出率平均值为:Cd＞Cr＞Pb＞Cu＞Hg＞As;Hg,Cr,Cd元素的最大淋出率与样品中元素背景值负相关;淋滤液中的As来源于硫化物的风化;煤矸石中重金属对环境的影响主要发生在淋滤初期,且重金属在自然条件下的淋滤过程对环境的影响较小,只有Cr和Cd的浓度超过了国家地表水Ⅲ类水质标准.     

Adsorption characteristics of copper in rivers contaminated by acid mine drainage from copper mine

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Plasticity in echolocation signals of European pipistrelle bats in search flight: implications for habitat use and prey detection

We studied the echolocation and hunting behavior of three aerial insectivorous species of bats (Vespertilionidae: Pipistrellus) in the field in order to characterize the signals used by the bats and to determine how call structure varies in relation to habitat structure (uncluttered versus cluttered space). We documented free-flying, naturally foraging wild pipistrelles in various habitats using multiflash stereophotography combined with simultaneous sound recordings. Then we reconstructed the bat's flight position in three-dimensional space and correlated it with the corresponding echolocation sequences. In all three species of pipistrelles, signal structure varied substantially. In echolocation sequences of the search phase we found a consistent association of signal types with habitat types. In uncluttered habitats (obstacles more than 5 m from the bat) pipistrelles emitted almost exclusively narrowband signals with bandwidths less than 15 kHz. In cluttered habitats (obstacles less than 5 m from the bat) they switched to signals with bandwidths of more than 15 kHz. Wideband signals were also used when the bats were turning in cluttered and uncluttered spaces and for an instant after turning away from obstacles. Prey detection occured only when the outgoing signal did not overlap with the returning echo from potential prey. The bats also avoided overlap of echoes from potential prey and obstacles. Based on the results of this study, we propose an overlap-free window within which pipistrelles may detect potential prey and which allows predictions of minimum distances to prey and clutter-producing objects. Correspondence to: E.K.V. Kalko     

企业环境管理行为的动机分析

保时代的到来及现代企业管理制度的建立，企业表现出三种不同的环境管理行为。本文对其动动机结构和作用机理进行了分析，可为矫正和引导企业环境管理行为提供依据。