基于未确知测度模型的非煤矿山安全标准化运行状况评价

为了实现对非煤矿山安全标准化运行状况的全员参与的评价,基于未确知理论,从监管、保障、能力、绩效等4个方面选取评价指标,建立安全标准化运行未确知测度模型。运用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,以1级、2级、3级、4级作为评价等级。以某矿山企业为例进行评价。基于100位员工的评分结果,计算单指标未确知测度。结合权重、根据置信度识别准则,进行等级判定。最终得出该矿山企业安全标准化运行等级,并与专家考评结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,该企业安全标准化运行等级为2级,与专家评价结果相吻合。     

工程项目现场安全标志有效性评价

为改善工程项目现场作业安全状况,需要对安全标志的有效性进行评价。通过划分施工人员的认知行为阶段,从人机工程学系统优化的角度构建安全标志有效性评价指标体系,确立指标打分规则,采用网络层次分析法(ANP),运用超级决策(SD)软件确定指标权重、综合评分,并加以示例说明。结果表明:安全标志的有效性受注意阶段的显著性、识别阶段的可理解性、判断阶段的安全倾向性和行为阶段的易遵守性交互影响,其中,安全倾向性权重值最高。     

基于PSR模型的贵州省煤矿安全生产状况综合评价体系

煤矿安全生产的状况是多因素相互影响、制约和共同作用的结果,存在外部环境的宏观因素,也有煤矿企业内部的微观因素.现有的安全生产状况评价主要依靠事故统计分析,通过事故的量和类型来分析和反应安全的状况.仅仅通过事故统计难以全面反映出各因素对安全生产状况的影响.在分析现阶段贵州省煤矿安全生产的现状和主要影响因素的基础上,综合外部宏观与内部微观指标,利用定性与定量相结合的分析方法,通过PSR模型构建综合指标评价体系,并利用层次分析法进行分析、计算和评价,更客观的反映出贵州省煤矿安全生产状况和影响因素.     

中国航油HSE管理体系建设实践

本文阐述了HSE管理体系建立的过程,对中国航油建立HSE管理体系的组织方法和质量控制措施进行了陈述,探讨了科学控制和精细化管理在企业HSE管理体系建设过程中的作用。提出适合国内石油企业的HSE管理体系建设控制方法,以最大限度的建立适宜有效的HSE管理体系。     

絮凝剂用壳聚糖的中试生产研究

在实验室制备絮凝剂用壳聚糖的基础上,按工业化生产的要求对壳聚糖进行了中试生产研究.经正交试验确定了生产过程中脱钙、脱蛋白、脱乙酰等3步反应的最佳工艺参数. 由此中试工艺生产的壳聚糖的生产成本比国内同类产品下降了22%,生产周期缩短了66%,且主要性能指标均达到或超过国内外同类产品的水平.     

Degradation of antipyrine in the Fenton-like process with a La-doped heterogeneous catalyst

A La-doped Co-Cu-Fe catalyst was synthesized for the antipyrine (ANT) removal. The La-doped catalyst had higher ANT removal than the control (95% vs. 54%). La reduced the particle size and increased the specific surface area of catalyst. The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel lanthanum (La) doped catalyst and to investigate antipyrine removal in wastewater using the Fenton-like process with the catalyst. The La-doped Co-Cu-Fe catalyst was synthesized using the modified hydrothermal method. Results showed that the La-doped catalyst had higher specific surface area and lower particle size than the catalyst without La doping (i.e., the control) (267 vs. 163 m²/g and 14 vs. 32 nm, respectively). Under the conditions of catalyst dosage 0.5 g/L, H₂O₂ concentration 1.70 g/L, and NaHCO₃ 0.1 g/L, the antipyrine removal within 60 min using the Fenton-like process with the La-doped catalyst was much higher than that with the control (95% vs. 54%). The hydroxyl radical concentration with the La-doped catalyst within 60 min was two times higher than that with the control (49.2 vs. 22.1 mg/L). The high catalytic activity of La-doped catalyst was mainly attributed to its high specific surface area based on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy result. Our La-doped catalyst should have great potential to remove antipyrine in wastewater using the heterogeneous Fenton-like process.     

考虑保护层响应的炼化过程系统风险动态转移模型

为适时、有效地控制炼化过程系统风险,以模糊Petri网(FPN)为基础,针对炼化系统动态退化性和系统中保护层对风险转移的干预性,建立考虑保护层响应的炼化过程系统风险动态转移模型。描述基于FPN的保护层作用动态机制,分析炼化系统在保护层干预下,从非正常干扰触发开始至炼化系统退化过程的风险变化趋势。最后通过正己烷缓冲罐案例分析验证模型。结果表明:正己烷缓冲罐在开始运行的30 000 h内,系统风险等级呈阶段性变化,在工作的前16 800 h,风险为Ⅰ级;第16 800~27 600 h,风险为Ⅱ级;第27 600~30 000 h,风险为Ⅲ级。     

综合拉底、扩漏和出矿全过程的底部结构安全性颗粒流模拟技术研究

为探明自然崩落法从拉底崩落至出矿全过程中底部结构节理连续扩展过程与破坏过程规律，采用PFC2D软件，结合RocLab软件反演节理岩体参数，建立229 m×129 m的岩体扩大模型，对拉底崩落至出矿过程进行连续综合计算。研究结果表明:模拟结果及破坏现象与现场监测结果相近，建模与细观参数反演方法适用于该类岩体工程研究；裂纹扩展贯通导致岩体失稳破坏，破坏过程与裂纹扩展具有相对应的阶段特征，裂纹扩展分为崩落前稳定扩展期，崩落与聚矿槽开挖过程加速扩展期和后续持续扩展期；结构破坏分为蕴育过程，扰动失稳过程和宏观破坏过程；较大范围的宏观破坏主要在出矿阶段。该模拟方法与结果可为底部结构维护以及节理岩体长期稳定性研究提供参考。     

Laboratory investigation of Waelz slag stabilization

Electric Arc Furnace dusts are considered hazardous waste due to their high heavy metals content (zinc, lead, etc.). The Waelz process is one of the most efficient technologies, in terms of capacity and quality, able to recover nearly the 90% of zinc contained in such EAF dusts. Unfortunately, the resulting slag still has eco-compatibility problems, although its mechanical and chemical properties are suitable for civil engineering applications. Stabilization tests, by quartz addition, were performed on EAF dusts in a laboratory furnace. Temperature, treatment time and cooling rate were varied in order to define the best conditions for regulating the formation of a stable microstructure able to hinder the release of substances. Microstructural characterization was carried-out using SEM and XRD analysis. Leaching tests were performed according to EN 12457-2 standards and water analyses were performed using ICP-OES. The best chemical stability was achieved when dust powders were mixed with 20% of silica and water-cooled.     

A study of the precursors leading to ‘organisational’ accidents in complex industrial settings

This study aggregates the narrative findings from the investigation of 12 accidents or ‘near hits’ across a wide range of industrial settings to build a catalogue of organisational and cultural precursors to accidents. It was found that many were important factors in multiple events. It is argued that by addressing these potential vulnerabilities using the findings and proposed tools based upon them, organisations undertaking safety related activities will not only develop greater awareness of these deeper-lying issues but should be able to better control the risks associated with them.The precursors have been classified under eight headings and examples of key findings from three of these are presented. Statements providing potential defences against the identified vulnerabilities have been developed which should enable organisations to scrutinise the adequacy of existing expectations or requirements within their business. Probing questions have been developed based on the statements which should allow an assessment to be made as to whether these have been ‘embedded’ in the organisation.It is argued that organisational vulnerability tools should be developed to enable a systematic approach to ‘diagnosing’ incubating precursors. It is also argued that there is the potential for further resilience to be achieved through the use of models of the complex dynamics of socio-technical processes within organisations.