金沙江流域水土流失与人类活动影响分析

长江三峡水利枢纽工程能否正常发挥效益，泥沙是重要的制约因素之一，而水库的泥沙主要来自上游金沙江，其多年平均输沙量占入库寸滩站的５２７％。因此，本文对金沙江泥沙的地区组成、水土流失及人类活动影响等问题进行了深入的分析，并提出了防治对策。     

环境铅对儿童健康的危害

本文介绍了环境铅的来源，我国儿童接触铅的情况和环境铅对儿童健康危害及其预防措施，这是国内外近年研究铅毒的成果汇集，可帮助我们对环境铅危害健康的认识，有益于保护儿童发育成长。     

阳极溶出伏安法测定ppb级Cu,pb,Cd的实验条件的选择

本文介绍了在环境监测中，经试验研究，确定的用阳极溶出伏安法，连续分析环境样品中重金属Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ的最佳条件，即用悬汞电极做工作电极，用０．１Ｍ离氯酸做支持电解质，纯氮除氧。当ＰＨ值取２－７，富集电位数－１．１～－１．２Ｖ时，不但可连续测定一定浓度范围的重金属Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ，ＣＵ；而且方法灵敏度高，精密良好，线性相关关系可达０．９９９０，回收率达８５－１１５％，获得了良好的分析效果。     

CHLOROPHYLL-BIOMASS-NUTRIENT RELATIONSHIPS FOR NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES OF FLORIDA PHYTOPLANKTON1

Parallel determination of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration were made on spring and summer phytoplankton samples collected from 165 Florida lakes. There was a significant correlation between chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton biomass (r=0.80; P < 0.01). Chlorophyll content per unit phytoplankton biomass ranged over two orders of magnitude. Nitrogen seemed to be a major factor influencing the chlorophyll content of Florida algae. Multiple regression analyses indicated that phytoplankton biomass was dependent on both the total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentration. Nutrient-phytoplankton and Secchi-phytoplankton relationships for the Florida lakes had higher coefficients of determination if chlorophyll a concentrations rather than phytoplankton biomass data were used in regression analyses.     

TOXIC EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM AND SHALE JP-4 AND JP-8 AVIATION FUELS ON FATHEAD MINNOWS1

ABSTRACT: Static 96-hour median lethal concentrations were determined for the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of both petroleum-derived and shale-derived avaiation fuels (JP-4 and JP-8) using fathead minnows. JP-8 was more toxic than JP-4 except for one shale JP-4 sample that was as toxic as the JP-8. Petroleum and shale JP-8 were similar in toxicity. The toxicity of shale JP-4 was less clear. Shale JP-4 from three vendor sources revealed differing toxicity values. One shale JP-4 sample was more toxic and one less toxic than its petroleum analogue, with the third being equally toxic. Toxicity of the fuels may be enhanced by compounds in the WSF that correspond to chemicals containing 10 or more carbon atoms.     

On Developing Bioindicators for Human and Ecological Health

Risk assessors and risk managersgenerally either examine ecological health (usingbioindicators) or human health (using biomarkers ofexposure or effect). In this paper we suggest thatit is possible and advantageous to developbioindicators that can be used to assess exposureand effect for both human and non-human receptors. We describe the characteristics of suitablebioindicators for both human and ecological health,using mourning doves (Zenaida macroura),raccoons (Procyon lotor), and bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) as examples, and list thegeneral characteristics of other species that wouldmake them useful indicators for assessing both humanand ecological health. Bioindicators can beused cross-sectionally to assess the status ofecosystems and risk as well as longitudinally formonitoring changes or evaluating remediation. Forboth human and ecological risk assessment, there arethree sets of characteristics to consider whenselecting bioindicators: biological relevance,methodological relevance, and societal relevance. An indicator which fails to fulfill these is notlikely to be considered cost-effective and is likelyto be abandoned. The indicator should be readilymeasured and must measure an important range ofimpacts. For long-term support of a bioindicator,the indicator should be easily understood, and becost effective. We suggest that bioindicators thatcan also be used for both ecological and humanhealth risk assessment are optimal.     

Heavy Metals and Selenium in Herring Gulls (LARUS ARGENTATUS) NESTING IN COLONIES FROM EASTERN LONG ISLAND TO VIRGINIA

With increasing interest in assessing the health or well-being ofcommunities and ecosystems, birds are being used asbioindicators. Coloniallynesting species breed mainly in coastal areas that are alsopreferred for humandevelopment, exposing the birds to various pollutants. Inthis paper concentrations of heavy metal and selenium in the feathers ofHerring Gulls(Larus argentatus) nesting in several colonies fromMassachusetts toDelaware are reported. There were significant differencesamong colonies forall metals, with metal concentrations being two to nearly fivetimes higher atsome colonies than others. Selenium showed the leastdifference, and cadmium showed the greatest difference among sites. Concentrations of lead werehighest at Pralls Island; mercury was highest at Shinnecock,Huckleberry andHarvey, and manganese was highest at Captree.     

独立分格推流式活性污泥法的动力学分析

在严格控制试验条件的基础上,对独立分格式活性污泥法进行了定量的试验研究与动力学分析.结果表明,底物比降解速率常数K值并不是常数,而是随着易降解底物的降解去除逐渐变小;据此修正了该系统的传统动力学公式及相应的设计计算方法;给出了工艺设计时曝气池分格数的划分及其容积确定的基本原则.     

个旧市环境空气中铅污染浓度的影响因素和变化规律

叙述了个旧市环境空气中影响铅污染浓度的气象因素,铅污染度的变化规律,为治理铅污染提供一些科学依据.     

滤膜法测定大气所■子体放射性浓度的计算公式推导

推导了用滤膜法测定环境空气中放射性(气土)子体(ThB、ThC)浓度的计算公式及其潜能公式,为放射性环境空气质量监测提供了一种方便简捷的方法。