压载舱锌阳极失效原因分析及实验室研究

目的 找到压载舱锌阳极失效原因,并提出整改方案。方法 对服役环境进行调研、阳极化学成分检测、电化学性能检测以及阳极表面形貌检测。结果 干湿交替以及高温的环境是造成锌阳极发生钝化的主要原因。在干湿交替环境下,阳极腐蚀表面晶粒松散,晶界宽度大,发生晶间腐蚀和晶粒脱落,造成了阳极失效。结论 通过该项目的实验研究,得出了锌阳极的适用条件,在干湿交替的环境以及高温环境(50 ℃)下,不推荐使用锌阳极,建议使用铝阳极。     

增温和锌复合作用对菠菜富集多环芳烃的影响

目前有关增温和重金属复合作用对植物富集疏水性有机物的影响研究还鲜有报道.本文通过构建土壤-大气-植物密闭微宇宙,分析土壤、大气和植物中多环芳烃（Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）的浓度及土壤中PAHs降解菌基因的拷贝数,进而探究增温（+6℃）和锌胁迫（100~600 mg·kg^-1）及两者复合作用对菠菜富集4种氘代PAHs及其致癌风险的影响.结果表明,增温使菠菜根部中PAHs的浓度降低了1.5%~20.4%,这是由于增温促进了土壤中PAHs的生物降解,进而导致PAHs自由溶解态浓度降低;另外,增温也降低了根部脂肪的含量,从而降低PAHs在根部的富集作用.然而,菠菜根部中PAHs的浓度随土壤中锌浓度的增加而增加,且增加比例为1.2%~91.7%,这主要是因为锌抑制了土壤中PAHs的降解,进而增加了PAHs的自由溶解态浓度;另外,锌胁迫还增加了菠菜根部细胞膜的通透性,进而促进根部吸收PAHs.增温和锌胁迫条件下,菠菜茎叶中PAHs的浓度分别降低了7.3%~51.1%和增加了3.0%~76.9%,与对根部富集PAHs的影响一致,这归因于茎叶中的PAHs主要来源于根部的向顶运输而非大气的茎叶吸收.增温和锌复合作用对菠菜富集PAHs具有拮抗作用,这是因为两者对土壤中PAHs的生物降解具有相反的影响.在无外源PAHs输入下,增温和锌胁迫分别会降低和增加PAHs的总致癌风险.     

湿法炼锌高盐废水的综合回收实验研究

采用“预处理除杂—蒸发—盐分离结晶”技术对锌烟尘处理厂产出的高盐废水进行了探索实验研究.结果表明：采用该技术处理锌冶炼高盐废水,分别得到合格生产用水、无水硫酸钠和氯化钠,高盐废水实现了资源化回收利用.中和后的浓盐水加热到95~100℃进行高温蒸发浓缩,分离得到结晶盐无水硫酸钠,含量为98.79%,达到Ⅱ类优等品质量标准;蒸发得到的冷凝水电导率≤48μS/cm,水质达到生产用水标准.高温蒸发后期,氯化钠富集在少量的残余液中,保持60℃低温蒸发,分离得到结晶盐氯化钠,其中氯化钠含量为93.82%.     

铜、锌对小麦的联合毒性及其预测模型研究

利用溶液培养实验,研究了不同Ca浓度和Cu/Zn配比下,Cu、Zn对小麦的联合毒性;基于毒性单位模型(TU)和生物配体模型(BLM),建立了Cu-Zn对小麦的联合毒性预测模型TUfmix-BLM.结果表明,随着溶液中Ca浓度增加,单一Cu和Zn的毒性均明显减弱.不同Ca浓度、不同Cu/Zn浓度配比下(1∶50、1∶200、1∶800),Cu-Zn联合毒性均表现为加和作用.基于Cu、Zn单一毒性的BLM络合常数,结合TU模型,预测了CuZn对小麦的联合毒性.与单独利用TU模型相比,TUfmix-BLM预测的RMSE从13.06减小到10.01,R2从0.89增加到0.94,表明TUfmix-BLM模型可以很好地预测Cu-Zn的联合毒性.     

Some Preliminary Observations On Zinc and Cadmium Accumulative Capacity in Arum Italicum Mill

Pot and hydroponic trials as well as tests on samples collected in a mining area and in two different urban sites of Tuscany were carried out on Arum italicum Mill (Italian arum) plants. Zinc and cadmium contents were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in different organs of about 180 samples. After 65 days treatment, zinc and cadmium median contents in leaves of plants grown hydroponically in solutions containing both metals at different concentrations fell within the range of 281-2022 and 8.3-45.1 μg g^-1 (dry weight), respectively. Some Italian arum plants were also cultivated in pots in the presence or absence of malate or citrate in order to evaluate the role of these ligands in zinc and cadmium accumulation. Citrate enhanced cadmium uptake compared to malate.     

Preparation and luminescence properties of Zn3 （BO3）2 doped with Ce3＋and Mn2＋

采用共沉淀法在700℃和较短的烧结时间下制备了Zn3（BO3）2和不同浓度的Ce3＋、Mn2＋离子掺杂的Zn3（BO3）2纳米晶粉末,对合成产物的发光性质及发光机理进行了研究。利用荧光分光光度计、X射线粉末衍射仪以及透射电镜对其光学性能和纳米晶形貌进行了表征。结果表明Ce3＋离子掺杂的Zn3（BO3）2样品在340～400nm之间有强的荧光发射,其最高发射峰峰位为365nm,在Ce3＋掺量为0.5%（摩尔分数,下同）时发光强度达到最高值。Ce3＋取代Zn2＋离子作为发光中心,Mn2＋离子作为激活剂加入,并不影响荧光发射峰的位置,但能够有效增强其发光强度。当Mn2＋离子掺量为0.7%（摩尔分数）时,Ce3＋、Mn2＋共掺杂的Zn3（BO3）2纳米晶发光强度达到最高值。     

火焰原子吸收法测定弥勒县磷电、焦化行业废水中铜、铅、锌含量

为防止重金属的污染和危害,通过测定数据,摸清弥勒县磷电、焦化行业铜、铅、锌的浓度范围,为弥勒县防治铜、铅、锌污染提供依据。     

Comparative study of plasma lead levels in the staff of Dandy Zinc Factory of Zanjan and in normal individuals

Pollution is a global problem which affects various human population functions. Despite the decline in plasma lead (Pb) levels among the general population during the past 20 years, this metal continues to be a public health concern for individuals with past and present exposures. The objective of this study was to determine blood lead levels (BPbL) in the staff of Dandy Zinc Company and compare them to control subjects. The test group included 40 staff of Dandy Zinc Company of Zanjan, while controls were selected from general population. Five milliliters of blood and plasma was sent to Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AOEI) reference lab to measure BPbL by Flameless Atomic Absorption. BPbL in test group (16.6 + 8.18 µg dL^?1) was significantly higher than control (10.47 + 2.10 µg dL^?1). In both groups BPbL was significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers. Blood lead levels in molding workers were significantly higher than other workers. BPbL in exposed workers were directly related to duration of work and age. Data indicate Pb exposure was of significant magnitude to be a public health concern especially in zinc-and Pb-related industries.     

表面活性剂对生物沥滤去除污泥中铜、锌的影响

将Tween-80,Span-60和甜菜碱,分别添加到城市污水处理厂污泥中,进行序批式生物沥滤,研究表面活性剂的浓度和类型对污泥中Cu,Zn沥滤效果的影响。结果表明,3种表面活性剂的适宜投加量范围依次为:0.5%~0.7%、3.0~6.0 g/L和1.5~3.0 g/L。在此条件下沥滤10 d,Cu和Zn的去除率均可达到80%以上。与未添加表面活性剂相比,硫的氧化利用率也得到了一定的提高。     

循环冷却水水垢中锌含量测定优化实验研究

对工业循环冷却水水垢中锌含量的测定方法进行了系统优化,主要考察了样品酸度、缓冲溶液添加量、试剂时效性、样品中铁离子量、掩蔽剂量和滴定剂浓度对锌含量检测效果的影响。结果表明:样品酸度控制在pH=4.9~5.1范围内,乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液添加量为30 m L时,锌含量检出值最大,指示剂灵敏度最佳;试剂乙酸-乙酸钠在20 d内使用、二甲酚橙指示剂即配即用对滴定终点的判断效果较好;锌含量测定前应先检测样品中铁离子含量,若铁离子≥40%则应先沉淀过滤后方可进行测定;锌含量检出值随掩蔽剂添加量呈先升后降的趋势,并在3.2 g时滴定效果最佳;滴定剂浓度为0.010 mol/L时锌含量检出值最高;优化实验测定结果接近真实值,方法准确可靠。