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261.
天津市PM2.5中水溶性离子组分特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
2006年8—12月连续采集PM2.5样品,分析其中水溶性无机离子浓度特征。结果表明,采样期间,天津市PM2.5日均浓度均不同程度超过美国EPA日均浓度标准(35 μg/m3);SO42-、NO3-、NH4+和Cl-为无机离子的主要成分,占全部无机离子的88.6%;各离子均表现出不同季节变化特征。对NH4+和NO3-、SO42-进行相关性分析发现,NH4+和NO3-相关性最好,相关系数为0.795。SOR和NOR的平均值分别为0.16和0.23,均为8月最高,表明前体物二次转化夏季最明显。 相似文献
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263.
DynamicsimulationandmodelingofPCPtransportbetweensedimentandwaterLiTie,YeChangming,LeiZhifangResearchCenterforEcoEnviro... 相似文献
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266.
上海市中心城区空气中可吸入颗粒物污染水平和变化状况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2005年对上海市闸北区空气中可吸入颗粒物(PM10--空气动力学当量直径小于10μm的颗粒物的总称)的污染状况进行了一年的连续监测.结果表明:全年各月PM10污染均以2级为主,占总样本数的67.6%;其次是1级占20.0%,3级占11.0%,4级占1.4%.全年空气质量状况最好的为9月份,最差为11月份.PM10浓度与CO和NO2浓度呈现出显著的相关性,说明机动车尾气是该区域PM10的主要来源;PM10污染程度还明显地受到降水、气温、气压、风向、风速、相对湿度等气象条件以及北方沙尘暴的影响. 相似文献
267.
Aerosol particles were collected in the situation of the widespread dust suspension on 21 February 1991 at Qira in the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert, western China. The collected particles were examined by a transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer in order to obtain the size and elemental composition of individual mineral particles.On the basis of EDX analyses for 386 particles, mineral particles were present in high number fractions (>99%) of particles in the radius range of 0.1–4 μm. Particles mainly composed of silicates comprised 76% of mineral particles. “Ca-rich” particles were detected in 7% of all the particles. Ca in the particles would be present not only as CaCO3 but also as an internal mixture of CaCO3 and CaSO4. Particles containing halite (NaCl) were detected in number proportions of about 10% and were mainly present in the radius range of 0.5 μm. Some halite particles would be modified by chemical reactions with sulfuric acid. 相似文献
268.
Földes-Papp Z Domej W Wippel R Schlagenhaufen C Irgolic KJ Demel U Dimai HP Tilz GP 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(6):350-353
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke is a major anthropogenic pollutant and contributes to the permanent load of ambient particulate matter in the air, particularly indoors. It is the leading risk factor for premature loss of life due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer. Smoker's lung and graphite pneumoconiosis are pathological states characterized by the deposition of carbonaceous particles. METHODS: Mass spectrometry was used to evaluate unstained lung sections obtained in vivo from a heavy smoker and a patient with occupationally acquired graphite pneumoconiosis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The composition of carbon compounds deposited in lung tissue samples is demonstrated here for the first time. Thirty carbonaceous-containing microareas from ten biopsies (three areas per biopsy) of lung tissues were analyzed mass-spectrometrically. In each case, the samples were taken from a smoker's lung or those demonstrating a graphite pneumoconiosis. The lung-tissue samples were selected by light microscopy before they were evaporated for mass spectrometry. First-order criteria were anionic and cationic mass peaks which occur within the mass patterns in lung tissues of smoker's lung, although not in graphite pneumoconiosis. Second-order criteria were mass peaks from smoker's lung with standard deviations SD < or = 14% of the mean value. First and second-order mass peaks matched the mass peaks of experimental cigarette-smoke condensate in 9 out of 11 peaks. A software program was developed that enabled fast, automated recognition of the typical mass peaks, and thereby confirmed the histological diagnosis of smoker's lung. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of carbonaceous particles within lung biopsies from a heavy smoker corresponded to the spectra of tobacco condensate and not to the investigated biopsies of graphite peneumoconiosis. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The analyses were performed in order to find out whether mass-spectrometric criteria exist for the differentiation of carbonaceous lung-tissue deposits. Mass spectrometry may be a valuable tool in determining the composition of carbon compounds deposited in human lung tissue. So far, qualitative assessment of the composition of deposits in lung tissue is only possible after the patient is deceased (autopsy). 相似文献
269.
超声波萃取—GC/MS测定大气颗粒物中的多环芳烃 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
魏恩棋 《城市环境与城市生态》2002,15(4):44-45
采用超声波萃取大气颗粒物样品中的多环芳烃,样品不须纯化,直接可用于GC/MS分析,超声波萃取效率高,萃取时间短;采用MS的SIM方式对多环芳烃进行定性定量,回收率84.5%-108.5%,变异系数3.1%-14.5%。 相似文献
270.
大气微生物粒子与飘尘粒子的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用ANDERSEN生物粒子采样器和光散射气溶胶粒子计数器,在北京西单对大气细菌、真菌和飘尘粒子的浓度、粒度分布及它们之间的关系进行了观测和研究。结果表明,大气细菌的粒度是负偏态分布,大气真菌是对数正态分布,飘尘是正偏态分布。大气细菌浓度与飘尘浓度的比值冬季大,为119538;夏季小,为24217;年平均比值为67517,>2.0μm的菌尘比值为1525387,2.0μm~8.2μm的菌尘比值为3318,>8.2μm的菌尘比值为394。大气真菌浓度与飘尘浓度的比值冬季大,为212770;夏季小,为65585;年平均比值为135344,<2.0μm的菌尘比值为952698,2.0μm~8.2μm的菌尘比值为5343,>8.2μm的菌尘比值为2632。 相似文献