全文获取类型
收费全文 | 362篇 |
免费 | 67篇 |
国内免费 | 256篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 29篇 |
废物处理 | 17篇 |
环保管理 | 14篇 |
综合类 | 418篇 |
基础理论 | 71篇 |
污染及防治 | 65篇 |
评价与监测 | 57篇 |
社会与环境 | 13篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 34篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 46篇 |
2012年 | 38篇 |
2011年 | 54篇 |
2010年 | 26篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 27篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有685条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
301.
为了研究磁性纤维对钢铁行业细颗粒物的控制效果,基于计算流体力学-离散相模型(CFD-DPM)对高梯度磁场中含尘气流方向与背景磁场方向夹角(偏转角)分别为0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°、90°时磁性单纤维捕集Fe基细颗粒进行数值模拟.分别研究高梯度磁场作用下颗粒粒径、入口风速、磁场强度对颗粒运动轨迹和捕集效率的影响.结果表明:高梯度磁场中偏转角影响磁性纤维捕集区域的位置,当角度为0°时,在纤维正对含尘气流方向区域形成颗粒捕集区,背风侧形成较大空腔;当角度为90°时,在沿气流方向纤维两侧形成面积相等的捕集区域.偏转角对小颗粒捕集效率的影响较小,当角度为0°时,对于0.5μm的颗粒捕集效率为4.1%,当角度为90°时捕集效率为3.9%.随着粒径的增大,捕集效率的增长速率先减小后增大,对于不同粒径的颗粒,当角度为0°时捕集效率最高.当风速在0.02~0.04m/s范围时,随着角度从0°增加到90°,捕集效率先降低,在45°附近达到最小值,然后升高.磁场强度的增加有利于提高捕集效率,但不同角度时的增长速率有所不同.当偏转角为0°和60°时,背景磁场强度为0.1~0.3T范围时增长速率明显大于0.3~0.9T范围内,而当偏转角为30°和90°时,背景磁场强度为0.1~0.5T范围时增长速率高于0.5~0.9T时的增长速率. 相似文献
302.
利用双通道在线气体和气溶胶分析仪(MARGA)在深圳冬季同时观测了PM2.5和PM10中水溶性无机离子及气态前体物浓度变化,以探究气态硝酸(HNO3)和颗粒态硝酸盐(pNO3-)的气粒分配特征.结果表明,气态硝酸和颗粒态硝酸盐总和TNO3(TNO3=HNO3+pNO3-)中,气态HNO3、细颗粒NO3-和粗颗粒NO3-三个部分的占比分别为9.6%、56.8%和33.6%.TNO3浓度日变化呈现双峰特征,上午峰值来自于细颗粒态NO3-增加,由交通早高峰排放NOx转化生成所致;白天光化学反应使TNO3的3个部分浓度均增加,TNO3在下午17:00达到全天峰值.相关分析表明,低温有利于NO3-以NH4NO3存在于细颗粒态;TNO3浓度较高时,细颗粒态NO3-占比亦升高. 相似文献
303.
为弄清颗粒污染物在慢性阻塞性肺病工人呼吸道内运动和沉积规律,采用数值方法讨论了2类阻塞性呼吸道内气固流动特性,分析了阻塞率(α)、阻塞位置、劳动强度等因数对流场分布、颗粒沉积形式和沉积率的影响.结果表明,α越大,病人局部缺氧越严重,当α=0.8时,相对缺氧率可达90%以上;劳动强度越强或受阻塞位置越深,病人发生哮喘的可能性愈高.呼吸道变形不会改变颗粒的沉积机制,但对其沉积形式有显著影响.α增大,劳动强度增强,粒径变大,均会导致颗粒沉积分布不对称性提高,且下呼吸道粒子沉积分布对称性更好.此外,呼吸道变形使总沉降率(ηt)减小,且α越大,ηt越小.发现对于低劳动强度,下呼吸道或者dp>5μm的大颗粒,α对ηt影响要更为显著. 相似文献
304.
Surface-active organic molecules (surfactants) may influence the ability of an aerosol particle to act as a cloud condensation nuclei by reducing its surface tension. One source of organic mass in aerosol particles, which may also contain surfactants, is bubble bursting on the sea surface. In order to directly compare these molecules in the ocean and aerosol particles, we developed a method using multiple solid phase extractions and high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize surface active organic molecules in both. This method has extraction efficiencies greater than 85%, 75%, and 60% for anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactant standards, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of three ionic classes of surface active organics in atmospheric aerosol particles and estuarine water from Skidaway Island, GA. With this extraction method, organic molecules from both estuarine water and atmospheric aerosol particles significantly reduced surface tension of pure water (surface tension depression of ~ 18 mN/m) and had high ratios of hydrogen to carbon (H/C) and low ratios of oxygen to carbon (O/C), indicative of surfactants. While previous work has observed a larger fraction of anionic surface active organics in seawater and marine aerosol particles, here we show cationic surface active organics may make up a large fraction of the total surface active molecules in estuarine water (43%–47%). 相似文献
305.
Indoor air quality (IAQ) directly affects the health of occupants. Household manufacturing equipment (HME) used for hobbies or educational purposes is a new and unexplored source of air pollution. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of particulate and gaseous pollutants produced by a household laser processing equipment (HLPE). Various target materials were tested using a commercial HLPE under various operating conditions of laser power and sheath air flow rate. The mode diameters of the emitted particles gradually decreased as laser power increased, while the particle number concentration (PNC) and particle emission rate (PER) increased. In addition, as the sheath air flow rate quadrupled from 10 to 40 L/min, the mode diameter of the emitted particles decreased by nearly 25%, but the effect on the PNC was insignificant. When the laser induced the target materials at 53 mW, the mode diameters of particles were <150 nm, and PNCs were >2.0 × 104 particles/cm3. Particularly, analyses of sampled aerosols indicated that harmful substances such as sulfur and barium were present in particles emitted from leather. The carcinogenic gaseous pollutants such as acrylonitrile, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and C8 aromatics (ethylbenzene) were emitted from all target materials. In an actual indoor environment, the PNC of inhalable ultrafine particles (UFPs) was >5 × 104 particles/cm3 during 30 min of HLPE operation. Our results suggest that more meticulous control methods are needed, including the use of less harmful target materials along with filters or adsorbents that prevent emission of pollutants. 相似文献
306.
Hezhong Tian Lining Luo Xiaoxuan Bai Shuhan Liu Bobo Wu Wei Liu Yunqian Lv Zhihui Guo Shumin Lin Shuang Zhao Yan Hao Jiming Hao Kai Zhang Aihua Zheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(11):187-198
Particulate matter (i.e., PM1.0 and PM2.5), considered as the key atmospheric pollutants, exerts negative effects on visibility, global climate, and human health by associated chemical compositions. However, our understanding of PM and its chemical compositions in Beijing under the current atmospheric environment is still not complete after witnessing marked alleviation during 2013–2017. Continuous measurements can be crucial for further air quality improvement by better characterizing PM pollution and chemical compositions in Beijing. Here, we conducted simultaneous measurements on PM in Beijing during 2018–2019. Results indicate that annual mean PM1.0 and PM2.5 concentrations were 35.49 ± 18.61 µg/m3 and 66.58 ± 60.17 µg/m3, showing a positive response to emission controls. The contribution of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) played an enhanced role with elevated PM loading and acted as the main contributors to pollution episodes. Discrepancies observed among chemical species between PM1.0 and PM2.5 in spring suggest that sand particles trend to accumulate in the range of 1–2.5 µm. Pollution episodes occurred accompanied with southerly clusters and high formation of SNA by heterogeneous reactions in summer and winter, respectively. Results from positive matrix factorization (PMF) combined with potential source contribution function (PSCF) models showed that potential areas were seasonal dependent, secondary and vehicular sources became much more important compared with previous studies in Beijing. Our study presented a continuous investigation on PM and sources origins in Beijing, which provides a better understanding for further emission control as well as a reference for other cities in developing countries. 相似文献
307.
Jiachen ZHANG Lin WANG Jianmin CHEN Shengmao FENG Jiandong SHEN Li JIAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(3):342-347
In this study, hygroscopicity of size-segregated ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou was studied from 28th December 2009 to 18th January 2010, using a hygroscopicity-tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA). The submicron particles in Hangzhou showed a minor hygroscopic growth at 73% relative humidity (RH), and then grew significantly between 77% and 82% RH. Monomodal distribution accounted for 90% for 30 nm particles, 17% for 50 nm particles, and less than 7% for particles larger than 50 nm at 82% RH. Deconvolution of the bimodal distribution indicated a less hygroscopic group and a more hygroscopic group, with the fraction of the more hygroscopic group increasing with the initial dry particle size and then remaining almost constant for accumulation mode particles. Our results imply that submicron particles in urban Hangzhou were almost entirely externally mixed, and the hygroscopic properties of ambient particles in urban Hangzhou were mainly a function of their size and chemical composition. 相似文献
308.
对比研究了隧道和大气环境中不同粒径细颗粒物 (切割粒径分别为0.03,0.06,0.108,0.17,0.26,0.40,0.65,1.0,1.6和2.5 μm) 中S,K,Ca,Ti,Mn,Fe,Zn,Pb,Al,Si,Cu和V等12种痕量元素的浓度. 结果表明:隧道中不同粒径细颗粒物的数浓度和质量浓度在上下班高峰时段出现明显峰值,且隧道细颗粒物在0.108 μm粒径处的数浓度和在2.5 μm粒径处的质量浓度分别是大气环境对照值的15.2和40.0倍;在隧道传输过程中质量浓度增加的痕量元素有 Si,Ca,Fe,Al,Ti,Zn,Mn,Cu和V,减小的有S,Pb,Zn和K;地壳元素(Si,Ca,Fe,Al和Ti)的质量浓度总和占隧道细颗粒物中痕量元素质量浓度总和的87%,表明土壤扬尘仍是隧道大气细颗粒物的主要来源. 相似文献
309.
通过运用海藻酸钠(SA)固定化Fe-Cu双金属(SAB)来克服Fe0-PRB利用率低、易板结、堵塞的缺陷.结果表明,SA和Fe-Cu双金属的运用能极大地提高Fe0的利用率,SA的运用可以使Fe-Cu双金属以较低的镀铜量获得较高的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率,SAB镀铜0.9%(SAB0.9)为最佳的填料.FEI电镜扫描结果表明,SA跟2价金属阳离子Ca2+交联形成孔隙结构,为双金属的附着提供了大量的吸附点位,增大了金属颗粒的比表面积;场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)及X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,Cu负载于Fe0表面,呈疏松层状结构,在Fe0与Cr(Ⅵ)反应中起催化剂作用,通过自身化合态变化传递Fe0失去的电子,从而提高了Fe0的利用率.渗透系数实验结果表明,SAB0.9能控制Fe0与Cr(Ⅵ)反应产物的释放,缓解Fe0-PRB易板结、堵塞的缺陷. 相似文献
310.
The control of exposure to welding fumes is of increasing importance in promoting a healthy, safe and productive work environment. This article describes the effects of shielding gas composition on the amount and composition of welding fumes produced during gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The amount of fumes generated during welding was measured for steady current over a range of wire-feed speeds and arc voltages using the standard procedures contained in ANSI/AWS F1.2 [American Welding Society. ANSI/AWS F1.2. Laboratory method for measuring fume generation rates and total fume emission of welding and allied processes. Miami, Florida; 1992]. Results of these measurements show that the fume formation rates (FFRs) increase with CO2 and O2 in the shielding gas mixture. The lowest FFRs were obtained with the mixtures of Ar?+?2%CO2 and Ar?+?3%CO2?+?1%O2. The highest FFRs were obtained with the mixtures of Ar?+?18%CO2 and Ar?+?5%CO2?+?4%O2. The welding fumes contains mainly iron, manganese, silicon, titanium and sodium under oxide forms. The fume cluster particles have dimensions between 0.5 and 2?µm. The FFR was found to be governed by the transfer modes of molten metal, i.e. the current intensity and arc voltage, as well as by the shielding gas mixtures composition. Thus these parameters have to be taken into consideration before designing a welding process. Whenever possible, users of GMAW should use the lowest current intensity. However, when this is not possible, due to the constraints of process productivity, welders should use higher currents, but with Ar?+?2%CO2 and Ar?+?3%CO2?+?1%O2 shielding mixtures, which will lead to smaller fume emissions. 相似文献