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Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of urban plants in Beijing 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollution. Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of eleven roadside plants at four sites of Beijing were studies. Results showed that density of particles on the leaf surfaces greatly varied with plant species and traffic condition. Fraxinus chiuensis, Sophora japonica Ailanthus altissima, Syringa oblata and Prunus persica, had larger densities of particles among the tall species. Due to resuspension of road dust, the densities of particles of Euonymus japonicns and Parthenocissus quinquefolia with low sampling height were 2-35 times to other taller tree species. For test plant species, micro-roughness of leaf surfaces and density of particles showed a close correlation. In general, the larger micro-roughness of leaf surfaces is, the larger density of particles is. Particles settling upon leaf surfaces were dominantly PM30 (particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 98.4%) and PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 64.2%) which were closely relative to human health. Constant elements of particles were C, O, K, Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, S, Cl and minerals with higher content were SiO2, CaCO3, CaMg(CO3)2, NaCI and 2CASO4. H2O, SiO2. CaCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2 mainly came from resuspension of road dust. 2CaSO4. H2O was produced by the reaction between CaCO3 derived from earth dust or industrial emission and SO2, H2SO4 or sulfate. NaCl was derived from sea salt. 相似文献
344.
González Gallero FJ Galán Vallejo M Umbría A Gervilla Baena J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,119(1-3):405-423
A complete statistical analysis of meteorological and air pollution data was carried out in the ‘Campo de Gibraltar’ region (in the South of Spain) from 1999 to 2002. This is a heavy industrialized area where, up to date, very few air pollution studies have been made. The main objectives of the study presented here have been the characterization of the meteorological and (gaseous and particulate) air pollution conditions in the area, and the relations between them. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), have been applied to the data. The results show that air quality in the area is highly dependent on meteorological conditions such as wind persistence and direction, dispersion capability of the atmosphere, and humidity content. On average, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide air pollution, mainly caused by fuel-oil combustion and traffic, respectively, is not very high. However, an important number of exceedences of the limits established by the EU Directive 1999 for PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 μm) have been observed in some points of the area. A significant percentage of these exceedences (about 22% on average) are likely caused by African dust intrusions, which usually take place from May to August. From gaseous and particulate air correlations, it seems that anthropogenic activities contribute with about 19% on average. 相似文献
345.
探究植物叶表面颗粒物及微生物群落的分布特征,对深入了解植物叶片与环境互作机制及城市公园绿植选择具有重要意义。本研究选择青岛市中山公园冬青、女贞和樱花3种植物作为供试树种,利用环境扫描电镜观察植物叶片微观结构,采用16S rRNA高通量测序分析叶际细菌群落多样性与丰富度,通过组间差异对比分析不同季节不同植物的叶际细菌群落差异。结果显示:3种植物叶片对大气颗粒物的滞纳能力为冬青>女贞>樱花,总体趋势表现为灌木>乔木,常绿植物>落叶植物,且受季节变化、植物叶片生长情况与颗粒物累积等因素的影响,叶面颗粒物滞留量表现为春季显著低于其他季节;扫描电镜观察到植物叶片表面存在不同类型的真菌且存在明显季节变化,其中春夏季节植物叶表面存在孢子较多,而秋冬季节主要为丝状真菌,这与青岛秋冬季节出现灰霾天气导致空气气溶胶中真菌含量大相关;高通量测序发现3种植物的叶际微生物群落结构存在明显差异,叶际细菌丰富度为冬青>女贞>樱花,且夏季叶际细菌群落丰富度最低,但相对丰度最高的优势菌门均为Proteobacteria和Cyanobacteria,主要优势菌属为norank_f__n... 相似文献
346.
密闭微波消解 ICP- AES 法测定大气颗粒物中金属元素 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用过氯乙烯滤膜采集、密闭微波消解、电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中铅、镍、铬、铜、铁、锌、锰、钡、镉,优化了试验条件.方法线性良好,各元素的检出限在0.001 mg/L~0.01 mg/L之间,滤膜样品测定的RSD为0.6%~2.9%,加标回收率为96.0%~105%. 相似文献
347.
上海市浦东城区冬季颗粒物数浓度及其谱分布特征 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
采用APS-3321空气动力学粒径谱仪对上海市浦东城区2012年12月至2013年2月0.5~20μm大气颗粒物浓度及其谱分布进行了实时监测。结果发现,上海市浦东城区冬季大气颗粒物数浓度为360个/cm3,其中0.5~1.0μm颗粒物数为345个/cm3,占总颗粒物的95.7%;1.0~2.5μm颗粒物数为15个/cm3,占颗粒物总数的4.1%;2.5~20.0μm颗粒物数为0.6个/cm3,占颗粒物总数的0.2%。当空气质量为AQI≤50、50AQI≤100、100AQI≤200、AQI200时,颗粒物数浓度分别为77.5、243.2、522.6、868.5个/m3。随着空气污染的加重,小于PM2.5颗粒物数浓度增加显著且对总的颗粒物数浓度的贡献也有所增加,且AQI200时,PM2.5中1.0~2.5μm颗粒物数浓度贡献增幅最大;此外,不同空气质量条件下,颗粒物数浓度的日变化存在一定差异,这对于空气污染防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
348.
在线单颗粒气溶胶质谱在大气重金属铅污染事故中的应用研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
重金属铅由于其对人体健康的影响而广受关注。利用在线单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪对2012年发生在华南地区的一次金属铅污染事故中的含铅颗粒物的质谱特征、粒径分布及排放规律进行了分析。监测发现A、B两个监测点位的含铅颗粒物比例多在夜间或凌晨达到高峰,高峰时刻含铅颗粒物数浓度占比最高可达67%,对比广州市区、鹤山超级站的含铅颗粒物浓度占比,可知该地区含铅颗粒物的污染程度较高。两监测点位的含铅颗粒物质谱特征及粒径分布情况非常相似,可能存在相同的排放源或具有相同的形成机制。质谱中都均含有明显的铅、元素碳、硫、硫酸盐等信号,可能来自于燃煤源的排放。通过进一步对比分析燃煤烟气排放的含铅颗粒物质谱特征,判断其为燃煤源排放。 相似文献
349.
Measurements of aerosol particles in the air of an urban area in the UK have been made. Ambient air was sampled and the particulates measured after passing through a size selective PM10 inlet. Particle mass was measured using a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). Particle number and size distributions were obtained using an Electrical Aerosol Analyser (EAA) and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). Measurements were also made of local meteorological parameters. Fine particle number concentrations were found to show better temporal agreement, including diurnal variation, with particle mass concentrations than the coarser particle number concentrations. 相似文献
350.