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521.
Fabrice Cazier Paul Genevray Dorothée Dewaele Habiba Nouali Anthony Verdin Frédéric Ledoux Adam Hachimi Lucie Courcot Sylvain Billet Saâd Bouhsin Pirouz Shirali Guillaume Garçon Dominique Courcot 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(6):45-56
Atmospheric aerosol samples(PM_(2.5–0.3), i.e., atmospheric particles ranging from 0.3 to2.5 μm) were collected during two periods: spring–summer 2008 and autumn–winter 2008–2009, using high volume samplers equipped with cascade impactors. Two sites located in the Northern France were compared in this study: a highly industrialised city(Dunkirk) and a rural site(Rubrouck). Physicochemical analysis of particulate matter(PM) was undertaken to propose parameters that could be used to distinguish the various sources and to exhibit seasonal variations but also to provide knowledge of chemical element composition for the interpretation of future toxicological studies. The study showed that PM2.5–0.3concentration in the atmosphere of the rural area remains stable along the year and was significantly lower than in the urban or industrial ones, for which concentrations increase during winter.High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), dioxins, furans and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls(DL-PCBs), generated by industrial activities, traffic and municipal wastes incineration were detected in the samples. Specific criteria like Carbon Preference Index(CPI) and Combustion PAHs/Total PAHs ratio(CPAHs/TPAHs) were used to identify the possible sources of atmospheric pollution. They revealed that paraffins are mainly emitted by biogenic sources in spring–summer whereas as in the case of PAHs, they have numerous anthropogenic emission sources in autumn-winter(mainly from traffic and domestic heating). 相似文献
522.
广州城区秋季大气PM_(2.5)中主要水溶性无机离子分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
分别在广州市中心城区高楼顶(距地50m)和交通干线路边(距地1.2m),于2006年秋季连续一周采集了大气PM2.5样品,对比分析了SO42-、NO3-、Cl-、F-、Na+、NH4+、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+等9种水溶性无机离子含量。结果表明,楼顶相对充分混合大气中PM2.5的质量浓度范围59.5~129.5μg/m3,均值为83.7μg/m3;交通干线路边大气PM2.5的质量浓度范围为108.4~132.2μg/m3,均值为121.1μg/m3。9种离子总浓度平均达到50.9(楼顶)和44.1(路边)μg/m3,占PM2.5质量浓度的60.8%(楼顶)和36.4%(路边)。SO42-和NO3-为水溶性无机离子主要组成,其占PM2.5质量浓度的比例均是楼顶高于路边,显示二次气溶胶对楼顶充分混合大气中PM2.5有较大贡献,而路边样品中一次来源贡献相对较大。计算表明采样期间海盐对广州大气PM2.5中的水溶性组分贡献较小。NH4+当量浓度远小于SO42-和NO3-的当量浓度,中和度远1,反映PM2.5酸性较强,且楼项PM2.5粒子酸性高于路边样品。 相似文献
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524.
为提高电场对细颗粒物的捕集效率,实现颗粒物超低排放要求,本试验采用喷雾与电场分区设计,搭建了预混喷雾湿式电除尘试验装置,以增强颗粒与液滴之间的凝聚作用,试验探究了电场电压、极板间距、电场风速、喷雾压力及入口浓度等参数对除尘效率的影响规律.结果表明;除尘效率随着电场电压增加,除尘效率提升,增幅先升高后降低,最后趋于平稳;减小极板间距或电场风速,能够提高除尘效率,但降低了处理风量;随着喷雾压力增大,除尘效率先增加后减小,当压力值为6MPa时,除尘效果最佳;粉尘入口浓度对除尘效率的影响程度较低,对于粒径小于2.5μm的颗粒物去除效率最高达98.5%.综上,预混喷雾湿式电除尘效果相比单一喷雾或静电除尘具有显著的增强,对于颗粒物超低排放装置的设计具有重要参考价值. 相似文献
525.
为了解济南市大气颗粒物的粒径分布特征,于2009年10月利用多级撞击式颗粒物采样器(MOUDI)进行了大气颗粒物采集,采用离子色谱仪分析了其中水溶性离子浓度.结果表明,SO42-、NO3-、NH4+和Ca2+是主要的水溶性离子,浓度总和约占总水溶性离子浓度的92%.SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+和Cl-浓度随时间变化较为显著,浓度变化主要原因是受风速以及气流来源方向的影响.SO42-和NH4+主要集中在细粒子中,其浓度呈单模态分布,随着颗粒物中含量的升高其峰值从0.32~0.56 μm粒径段逐渐移动到1~1.8 μm粒径段.NO3-浓度呈双峰分布,细粒子中的NO3-随着浓度的升高峰值从0.56~1μm粒径段移动到1~1.8μm粒径段,粗粒子中的峰值出现在3.2~5.6μm粒径段. NH4+可以完全中和细粒子中的SO42-和NO3-,在细粒子中主要以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3的形式存在. 相似文献
526.
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528.
The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor. 相似文献
529.
运用单颗粒气溶胶质谱技术初步研究广州大气矿尘污染 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17
自主研发的单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer,SPAMS)采用空气动力学透镜、双激光测径系统以及双极飞行时间质量分析器,并用其对广州市大气细颗粒物进行在线分析,实现了矿尘颗粒物的空气动力学直径和化学组成的同时检测. 在连续4 d的采样中,共采集到249 057个粒径在0.2~1.2 μm且同时含有正负质谱信息的颗粒物,其中矿尘颗粒物占7.9%. 结果表明:矿尘颗粒物的正离子成分以Ca2+,K+>/sup>,Fe2+和Na+>/sup>为主,同时还含有Li+>/sup>,Mg2+,V>/sup>5+,Ba2+和Ti4+等;负离子成分以NO3->/sup> 和NO2->/sup>为主,另外还含有HSO4->/sup>,SiO3->/sup>和PO3->/sup>等. 在广州市大气细颗粒物中,矿尘贡献不如含碳颗粒物和生物质燃烧颗粒物,且在矿尘颗粒物中贡献较大的几类(如含钙、含铁、含钠钾颗粒物等)大多是老化的成分. 相似文献
530.
We investigated the characteristics of ambient particles and their relationships with various environmental factors, including
gaseous pollutants (CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), total hydrocarbons (THC), NOx, CO, SO2), meteorological parameters
(humidity, temperature), and time (day/night, workday/weekend). We used an electrical low-pressure cascade impactor to measure
the number and size distributions of ambient particles (0.007–10 m) that were collected approximately 1 km northwest of Hsinchu
Science Park in Taiwan between February and May 2007. The number concentrations of particles were enhanced through photochemical
reactions during the day. In addition, high traffic flow during workdays increased the formation of particulates. Except for SO2, all of
the gaseous pollutants we studied (CH4, NMHC, THC, NOx, CO) correlated positively with the total number concentrations of ambient
particles during daytime, indicating that they might contribute to the particulate burden. The poorer relationship between the SO2 level
and the total number concentration of particles suggests that SO2 might participate indirectly in the nucleation process during particle
formation, The high enrichment factors for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Mn, which mostly comprised the ultrafine particles (diameter: < 0.1 m)
and fine particles (diameter: 0.1–1 m), presumably arose from emissions from traffic and high technology factories. Heterogeneous
reactions on solid particles might play a role in the removal of SOx and NOx from the atmosphere. Sulfides and nitrides can further
react with these local pollutants, forming specific Cu-containing compounds: CuO (39%), CuSO4 (34%), and Cu(NO3)2 (27%), within
the ambient particles in this industrial area. 相似文献