Emissions of intermediate volatility organic compound from waste cooking oil biodiesel and marine gas oil on a ship auxiliary engine

Ship auxiliary engines contribute large amounts of air pollutants when at berth.Biodiesel,including that from waste cooking oil(WCO),can favor a reduction in the emission of primary pollutant when used with internal combustion engines.This study investigated the emissions of gaseous intermediate-volatile organic compounds(IVOCs) between WCO biodiesel and marine gas oil(MGO) to further understand the differences in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production of exhausts.Results revealed that WCO exhaust exhibited similar IVOC composition and volatility distribution to MGO exhaust,despite the differences between fuel contents.While WCO biodiesel could reduce IVOC emissions by 50% as compared to MGO,and thus reduced the SOA production from IVOCs.The compositions and volatility distributions of exhaust IVOCs varied to those of their fuels,implying that fuel-component-based SOA predicting model should be used with more cautions when assessing SOA production of WCO and MGO exhausts.WCO biodiesel is a cleaner fuel comparing to conventional MGO on ship auxiliary engines with regard to the reductions in gaseous IVOC emissions and corresponding SOA productions.Although the tests were conducted on test bench,the results could be considered as representative due to the widely applications of the test engine and MGO fuel on real-world ships.     

民用飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击适航验证技术研究

目的 依据适航条款CCAR25.963-e-1的要求,对民用飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击能力的适航符合性进行研究。方法 根据适航验证工作需要,制定了飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击的适航符合性验证流程,明确了适航取证需要考虑的油箱口盖范围和撞击角度,建立了发动机碎片有限元模型,开展了油箱口盖抗发动机碎片冲击的仿真分析与试验室试验。结果 仿真结果与试验结果对比分析后,二者基本一致,仿真分析基本能预测试验结果。结论 该仿真分析方法可供飞机口盖抗碎片冲击设计使用,该油箱口盖抗低能量碎片冲击适航符合性验证流程可供相似飞机适航取证参考使用。     

海洋平台主机烟气排放对直升机影响数值分析

目的确保南海A钻采平台直升机安全起降,直升机全年不可用概率控制在10%以内。方法通过Fluent软件数值模拟多工况、多风向风速下高温烟气在直升机甲板上方及周围空间的流动、温升及湍流分布规律,以CAP43-7标准所推荐直升机起飞和降落的安全原则为判定依据,分析计算温升和湍流对直升机起飞和降落的全年影响概率。结果综合得出直升机不可用概率理论值,M1工况为8%,M2工况为9%。结论模拟计算结果为平台主机烟管及直升机甲板布置方案的确定提供理论依据,为平台直升机起降操作起到指导作用。     

燃气发动机瞬态工况下NOx排放特征

NO_x排放控制是发展燃气汽车的核心问题.为获得增压中冷燃气发动机瞬态工况NO_x的排放特征,实验选取了6MK375N-50增压中冷燃气发动机,研究了不同转速、转矩、进气流量、进气温度及湿度对NO_x排放的影响.试验结果表明NO_x的排放随着转速的增加先升高后减缓,转速为1400 r·min-1时NO_x排放最高,转矩的增加也会使NO_x排放增加,随着进气流量的增加,NO_x排放量先增加后稳定,进气流量为180 kg·h~(-1)时NO_x排放最高,进气温度对NO_x排放也有直接影响,进气温度为31℃时NO_x排放最高,随着进气湿度的增加,NO_x排放水平降低,对试验结果的双因素方差分析得到,各影响因素对NO_x的排放影响均非常显著.对1400 r·min-1下各个工况对应NO_x进行拟合,变化规律符合公式y=a-b×ln(x+c).     

基于Arcgis engine和Matlab的避难场所选址系统开发及应用

针对现有避难场所选址需要多种工具配合、操作步骤繁杂和工作量大的问题,开发了基于Arcgis engine和Matlab的避难场所选址系统。通过Arcgis engine实现避难场所选址所需的定制系统界面、空间数据管理、最短路径分析、缓冲区分析和voronoi图分析等GIS功能。通过Matlab构建多目标加权灰靶决策法和熵值权重法模型,实现避难场所选址功能。应用COM组件技术实现Arcgis Engine和matlab的集成。以泉州市中心城区为例,应用该系统进行应急避难场所选址决策分析。结果表明,该系统可以满足泉州市的应急避难场所选址及布局分析需求。     

CeO_2-TiO_2复合纳米纤维光催化降解醛酮类污染物的研究

采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了CeO2-TiO2复合纳米纤维,并用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、程序升温脱附仪和紫外-可见光谱能谱(UVVis)仪表征了CeO2-TiO2纳米纤维的相组成和微观形貌,分析了CeO2-TiO2纳米纤维对醛酮的吸附强度与光电化学特性.同时,研究了CeO2配比量、光源条件和重复使用性对降解甲醛污染物的影响规律.结果表明,CeO2质量配比为50%的CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛降解效率最高;在无光和可见光条件下,CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛的降解效率分别为13.5%和25.3%,在紫外光下CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛的降解效率为92.5%;随着光催化循环次数的增加,可见光下CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛的降解效率逐渐增高,紫外光下CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛的降解效率维持在92.5%左右.利用催化剂样品CT50对柴油机尾气中醛酮类排放污染物进行光催化降解的应用发现,CeO2-TiO2催化剂对醛类污染物的降解效率为85.4%,酮类污染物的降解效率为81.3%,苯甲醛和甲基苯甲醛的降解效率分别为80.4%和80.3%.表明CeO2-TiO2催化剂具有较强的光催化降解醛酮类污染物的能力.     

MMT对GDI、PFI汽油机微粒排放的影响

为研究MMT对GDI、PFI汽油机微粒排放数量浓度以及质量浓度的影响,利用DMS500快速型微粒光谱仪,对一台增压缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机和一台自然吸气式气道喷射(PFI)汽油机燃用基础油以及在基础油中添加有机锰(MMT)的燃油的微粒排放特性进行了试验研究.结果表明:MMT的添加均会增加GDI、PFI汽油机的微粒排放,燃用不同含Mn量的燃油,各负荷下GDI汽油机的微粒数量浓度均明显高于PFI汽油机.中小负荷下GDI、PFI汽油机微粒排放数量浓度以及质量浓度均随着Mn含量的增加而上升.大负荷下,PFI汽油机微粒数量浓度随着Mn含量的增加而上升,但GDI汽油机则是在燃用不含Mn的燃油时微粒数量浓度最低,而后随着燃油中Mn含量的增加,超细微粒数量浓度的峰值反而逐步降低.GDI、PFI汽油机核模态与积聚模态微粒数量变化的规律相似.     

固体装药头部人工脱粘层应力应变仿真分析

目的研究固体发动机药柱头部人工脱粘层在50,20,-40℃等3种温度下的应力应变。方法基于线性粘弹性有限元方法,利用ABAQUS分析软件对药柱应力应变进行仿真。结果得到了人工脱粘层在3种温度条件下的Mises和最大主应力应变云图,及Ⅰ,Ⅱ界面轴向、周向和径向的应力应变对比曲线。结论最大应力应变出现在人工脱粘层根部,应力与环境温度的变化成线性关系,温度变化对Ⅰ界面上脱粘层轴向应变、Ⅱ界面上径向应变影响最大。     

DME简化反应模型及其在HCCI燃烧分析中的应用研究

提出了一个可应用于HCCI发动机工作过程研究的DME化学反应动力学简化模型,该模型由28种组分、38个基元反应组成,包括3个子模型,即低温反应和负温度系数区子模型、高温裂解和高温氧化子模型以及甲酸生成过程子模型.通过算例对比分析,该DME简化模型能正确揭示DME燃烧过程主要生成物组分的变化规律,能准确计算DME燃烧过程低温和高温阶段的放热特征时刻,其计算结果与详细机理计算结果吻合.相对于详细机理,简化模型节省了计算时间,为实现化学反应动力学与CFD多维模型耦合的燃烧计算提供了一个可行而有效的途径.     

Performance Enhancement of a Beta Type Rhombic Drive Stirling engine

ABSTRACT

Stirling engines maintain attraction because of their high energy conversion efficiencies. In this study, experimental comparison of a beta-type Stirling engine for two different rhombic-drive mechanisms was presented. In one of the rhombic mechanisms, spur gears were used and the gear shaft was supported in bearings from one side. In the other mechanism, two helical gears were placed on crankshafts and the crankshafts were supported in bearings from both sides. Rhombus lengths of the mechanisms were determined as 66 mm and 80 mm to provide same constant compression ratio of 2.5 for both configurations. Both mechanisms were used in the same beta-type Stirling engine having same cylinder, piston and displacer dimensions. Performance parameters of the engines were evaluated at different helium charge pressures (2–4 bar) and hot-end temperatures (400–600°C). The hot-end of the displacer cylinder was heated by a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) burner. The engine power increased by 132%, friction losses and gear noses were reduced by supporting the rhombic-drive mechanism from both side and using helical gears. The maximum output torque and power of the engine were obtained as 13.14 Nm at 428 rpm engine speed and 663 W at 800 rpm engine speed, respectively, at 600°C hot-end temperature and 4 bar charge pressure.