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21.
对桑叶进行氟含量的快速分析,是鉴定诊断污染事故的重要手段。在实际工作中,我们对《环境监测分析方法》离子选择电极法测定桑叶中氟含量进行了一些改进,并对两种方法进行了比对实验。实验结果是一致的,同时分析过程更加简便、快速。 相似文献
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石灰预处理对树叶堆肥过程中养分转化的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以树叶干质量的0%、1.00%、2.50%和4.00%的石灰预处理树叶,24h后分别将预处理后的树叶与鸡粪联合堆肥,研究不同用量石灰预处理树叶对树叶堆肥过程中养分转化的影响。试验在自制的堆肥反应器内进行,采用间歇式强制通风的方式,进行为期59d的堆肥试验。结果表明:石灰预处理树叶24h可以有效的降低树叶中的有机质质量分数,以4.00%的石灰预处理的树叶其有机质降幅达6.00%;石灰预处理24h后,各处理pH相差不大;EC的变化与pH相似;预处理前后,各处理总氮、总磷和总钾的质量分数相差不大。用石灰预处理后的树叶堆肥有利于堆肥有机质的降解,尤以2.50%石灰预处理的效果最好;有利于堆肥w(C)/w(N)的降低,其降低幅度与石灰用量成正比;有利于减少堆肥过程中氮素的损失,且氮素损失与石灰使用量呈反比;有利于堆肥NH4 -N质量分数的降低;提高堆肥终产品NO3--N的质量分数,其质量分数与石灰用量呈正比;有利于堆肥中钾的浓缩;对堆肥的pH、EC、w(NH4 -N)/w(NO3--N)和总磷的影响不大。综合考虑试验结果后认为,以4.00%石灰预处理的效果最为理想。 相似文献
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Variation in composition of predator-attracting allelochemicals emitted by herbivore-infested plants: Relative influence of plant and herbivore 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Summary During foraging, natural enemies of herbivores may employ volatile allelochemicals that originate from an interaction of the herbivore and its host plant. The composition of allelochemical blends emitted by herbivore-infested plants is known to be affected by both the herbivore and the plant. Our chemical data add new evidence to the recent notion that the plants are more important than the herbivore in affecting the composition of the volatile blends. Blends emitted by apple leaves infested with spider mites of 2 different species,T. urticae andP. ulmi, differed less in composition (principally quantitative differences for some compounds) than blends emitted by leaves of two apple cultivars infested by the same spider-mite species,T. urticae (many quantitative and a few qualitative differences). Comparison between three plant species — apple, cucumber and Lima bean — reveals even larger differences between volatile blends emitted upon spider-mite damage (many quantitative differences and several qualitative differences). 相似文献
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不同温度桉树叶生物炭对Cd2+的吸附特性及机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过元素分析、BET-N2、Zeta电位、Boehm滴定,SEM-EDS、FTIR等分析方法对不同热解温度(300、500和700℃)下制备的桉树叶生物炭进行表征,研究了3种生物炭(BC300、BC500和BC700)对Cd2+的吸附特性与机制.结果表明,随温度升高,生物炭产率下降,灰分、pH值和Zeta负电荷量上升,比表面积增大.当Cd2+浓度为20mg/L时,平衡时间依次为80min(BC700)<360min(BC500)<540min(BC300),均符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.98),以化学吸附为主.BC300和BC500吸附过程均符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,BC700更符合Freundlich模型,最大吸附量依次为BC700(94.32mg/g) > BC500(67.07mg/g) > BC300(60.38mg/g).在Boehm滴定结果分析的基础上,结合FTIR和SEM-EDS,表明生物炭吸附机制主要为静电吸附和官能团络合作用.BC700吸附性能最佳,原因可能是具有较大的比表面积、较多的负电荷量和较为丰富的官能团. 相似文献
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落叶燃烧排放的颗粒物及有机碳、元素碳的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究落叶燃烧排放的颗粒物(PM)及有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC),采用明燃和闷燃两种形式对10种乔木的落叶进行燃烧实验,采集了排放的烟尘,并用元素碳/有机碳分析仪测定样品的OC和EC含量.结果表明,落叶在明燃状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子范围分别为7.9~31.9、0.9~9.7、3.6~13.9 g·kg-1,平均值分别为19.7、5.2、6.8 g·kg-1.闷燃状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子范围分别为61.3~128.9、31.7~60.4、1.9~6.0 g·kg-1,平均值分别为91.0、43.0、4.0 g·kg-1.明燃和闷燃的OC/EC变化范围分别为0.21~1.82和8.16~16.84.明燃状态下OC/PM、EC/PM的范围分别为0.11~0.41和0.18~0.56.闷燃状态下OC/PM、EC/PM的范围分别为0.43~0.53和0.03~0.06.OC和PM的排放因子在两种燃烧状态下均呈现显著的相关性.在不同的燃烧状态下,各组分之间的排放因子具有较大的差异,OC的排放因子在闷燃状态下高于明燃状态,而EC的排放因子则相反.不同燃烧状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子及它们之间的比值分析,对建立森林生物质燃烧源排放清单以及来源解析具有重要意义. 相似文献
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Malgorzata Kwiecień 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,46(3):191-207
A new, direct method was developed for quantifying inorganic particulate aerosols trapped by the forest canopy, and for determining the resulting input of elements to a forest ecosystem. The method is based on direct measurements of only six parameters. Using this method, it is possible to determine the load of aerosols trapped by the forest canopy and deposited to leaves, as well as the load of aerosols falling to the forest floor by impaction on plants. It is also possible to estimate the aerosol input of soluble and insoluble elements to an ecosystem. With this new method it has been found that the load of aerosols trapped by the canopy of a mixed forest located in the Rybnik Coal Basin averaged 189.0 kg x ha-1 x growing season-1, or 39.3% of the total inorganic particles reaching the ecosystem. The trapped aerosols provided 13.4 kg x ha-1 of soluble nitrogen and 0.91 kg x ha-1 of insoluble nitrogen over the growing season. At the same time, the input of soluble nitrogen from the atmosphere with rainfall to an open area averaged 13.9 kg x ha-1, and the input of insoluble nitrogen with inorganic dusts averaged 1.4 kg x ha-1. 相似文献
29.
Accumulation of metals in deciduous tree foliage fromurban areas in western-south Poland was monitored duringthe vegetation season of 2000 year. Concentrations of Al,Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti and Znwere measured in birch, willow, linden and maple leavesusing the ICP-AES method. Seasonal variations of metalconcentrations and their relations with sampling sitewere investigated. The most dynamic accumulation of Al,Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was observed for examined species. Thehighest differences in element concentrations forinvestigated sites were found for Ba, Cd, Mn and Ni.Interelement correlations were investigated. In allfoliar samples synergistic relationships between Al–Crand Ca-Sr were found. Statistically significant negativecorrelations were observed only for Cd and Ti in birch leaves. 相似文献
30.
Biomagnetic monitoring of industry-derived particulate pollution 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hansard R Maher BA Kinnersley R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1673-1681
Clear association exists between ambient PM10 concentrations and adverse health outcomes. However, determination of the strength of associations between exposure and illness is limited by low spatial-resolution of particulate concentration measurements. Conventional fixed monitoring stations provide high temporal-resolution data, but cannot capture fine-scale spatial variations. Here we examine the utility of biomagnetic monitoring for spatial mapping of PM10 concentrations around a major industrial site. We combine leaf magnetic measurements with co-located PM10 measurements to achieve inter-calibration. Comparison of the leaf-calculated and measured PM10 concentrations with PM10 predictions from a widely-used atmospheric dispersion model indicates that modelling of stack emissions alone substantially under-predicts ambient PM10 concentrations in parts of the study area. Some of this discrepancy might be attributable to fugitive emissions from the industrial site. The composition of the magnetic particulates from vehicle and industry-derived sources differ, indicating the potential of magnetic techniques for source attribution. 相似文献