城市道路绿化带不同植物叶片附尘对大气污染的磁学响应

对上海市金沙江路两侧绿化带内24个常绿植物叶片样品进行了磁性与重金属测试,以探讨城市道路绿化带不同植物叶片附尘对大气污染的磁学响应.结果表明,χ、SIRM值分别在（4～59）×10-8m3.kg-1和（496～6 114）×10-6Am2.kg-1之间变化,S-300 mT在89%～98%之间变动.所有植物样品中χARM/χ〈4,χARM/SIRM〈30×10-5mA-1.磁性参数表明,植物叶片附尘以亚铁磁性矿物为主,磁性矿物颗粒以假单畴（PSD）-多畴（MD）为主.重金属元素Zn、Cu、Pb含量与反映亚铁磁性矿物含量的χ、SIRM、χARM呈显著正相关,可以将磁性参数SIRM作为叶片重金属元素的替代指标.推荐在上海地区广泛种植的广玉兰作为道路植物污染的指示植物。     

梧桐树叶作为反硝化碳源的研究

以梧桐树叶浸出液作为碳源进行反硝化实验.首先探讨了树叶中有机酸在浸渍过程中的释放规律及其影响因素.经过分析,树叶中释放的有机酸成分主要是延胡索酸,其它还有柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸等.采用梧桐树叶浸出液作为反硝化碳源时,平均硝酸盐去除速率为2.19 mg·h-1,而以甲醇、乙酸和葡萄糖为碳源时,它们的硝酸盐去除速率分别为2.29、2.26和1.87 mg·h-1.其速率略低于甲醇和乙酸,而远高于葡萄糖.实验结果表明在反硝化过程中,去除1mg硝酸盐需要7.5mg当量梧桐树叶浸出液的COD,并且没有亚硝酸盐的积累.     

松花江上游夹皮沟金矿开采区芦苇叶片汞分布特征

为研究金矿开采区周围芦苇(Phragmites australis)叶片汞含量的分布特征、影响因素及其与其它环境要素的相关性,2016年6月(夏季)和9月(秋季)在位于松花江上游的夹皮沟金矿开采区内采集芦苇叶片、土壤、水体样本测定汞含量,同步测定大气汞浓度,并通过单因子污染指数法确定芦苇叶片汞污染等级,分析芦苇叶片汞含量与环境要素汞含量的相关关系.结果表明,在空间分布上,芦苇叶片汞含量以及土壤、水体汞含量均随离夹皮沟金矿距离的加大而逐渐衰减,大气汞浓度空间分布特征不明显;在时间分布上,芦苇叶片汞重污染地区夏季汞含量低于秋季,芦苇叶片汞轻污染地区夏季汞含量略高于秋季,而大气汞、土壤汞含量均为夏季高于秋季;各环境要素对芦苇叶片汞含量的影响重要程度依次为:土壤大气水体;此外,停止混汞法采金多年后,夹皮沟金矿开采区汞源主要为土壤.     

黔西北土法炼锌废渣堆场修复植物叶片和废渣的生态化学计量特征

为探讨土法炼锌废渣堆场实现生态修复后废渣-植物系统中植物内稳性以及不同植被类型与氮磷限制的关系,选择黔西北威宁县猴场镇已开展生态修复达4年的土法炼锌废渣堆场为研究区域,以废渣堆场上生长良好的5种优势乔灌草植物即构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）、柳杉（Cryptomeria fortunei）、大叶醉鱼草（Buddleja davidii）、芦竹（Arundo donax）、三叶草（Trifolium repens L）为研究对象,研究5种优势植物在铅锌废渣堆场中碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）的生态化学计量特征及其相互关系。结果表明：不同优势植物修复的废渣中C、N含量较高,P、K含量较低,三叶草废渣中N、P含量显著高于其他植物（p<0.05）,有效氮、有效磷与速效钾表现为三叶草废渣较高,柳杉较低;各元素化学计量特征表现为C∶P > C∶K > C∶N > N∶P > N∶K > P∶K,三叶草废渣中N∶K、P∶K显著高于其余四种植物。5种植物叶片中N含量整体较低,草本植物三叶草N、P、K含量明显高于其余几种植物;通过叶片N∶P分析表明,除三叶草生长受P限制,其余4种植物生长都受N限制。废渣与植物叶片中养分含量间的相关性表明,植物叶片中N、P、K含量分别与废渣中有效态养分（N、P、K）含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）。除叶片N∶P与废渣中有效态养分（N、P、K）含量呈正相关外,叶片中其余元素间的化学计量比均与废渣中有效态养分（N、P、K）含量呈负相关,其中叶片C∶K、P∶K与废渣中有效态养分（N、P、K）含量呈极显著负相关（p<0.01）。因此,废渣中N、P、K的有效性显著影响着植物叶片中N、P、K的含量及生态化学计量特征。     

环境因素对干旱-半干旱区城市银杏叶片碳同位素组成的影响

影响植物碳同位素组成的环境因素较多,在环境参数越复杂的地区控制因素则越多。城市环境相对于自然环境来说,不仅气象因素对植物同位素组成有较大的影响,而且,城市环境中人为因素如大气污染物、城市建筑等均可以影响植物的碳同位素组成。根据对兰州市校园中银杏（Ginkgo biloba）各向叶片生长期（四月至十月）的碳同位素组成分析,了解影响叶片同位素组成的环境参数特征,通过CANOCO统计分析确定各参数之间的相关性。分析表明,城市中大气污染物质量浓度的变化对植物同位素组成的影响较大（两者的相关性为r=0.550）,降水、光照、温度等也是影响植物碳同位素组成的重要因素。由于受到各个环境因素的综合影响,除有效湿度（两者的相关性为r=0.761）外,其它各种因素与叶片碳同位素组成之间的相关性并不强。而环境参数对植物叶片碳同位素组成影响主要由叶片气孔的开闭进行。     

火炬树叶片腐解物浸提液对上海青种苗生长的影响

用培养皿方法测定了土壤腐解对火炬树（Rhus typhina）叶片化感作用潜力的影响。试验结果表明：腐解0、5 d的火炬树叶片,在浸提液质量浓度为0.02、0.04、0.08 g.mL-1时,对上海青（Brassica chinensis）种子萌发及幼苗生长表现为抑制作用,且抑制作用强度随浸提液质量浓度增大和腐解时间延长而加强。腐解时间达10、20和30 d时,0.01、0.02 g.mL-1的浸提液对上海青种子萌发及幼苗生长表现为促进作用,0.04、0.08 g.mL-1的浸提液仍对上海青种子萌发及幼苗生长表现为抑制作用,且促进作用随腐解时间延长而加强,抑制作用均随腐解时间延长而减弱。     

Multivariate optimization of Cd(II) biosorption onto Ulmus tree leaves from aqueous waste

Ulmus tree leaves were successfully used as a novel and efficient biosorbent for removing cadmium, (Cd(II)), from aqueous solutions in a batch system. A multivariate strategy for optimization of removal efficiency conditions of Cd(II) was carried out. A 2³ full factorial design with three center points (9 runs) was performed for screening the main variables and reducing the large number of experimental runs. Initial concentration of metal ion (C _m), amount of sorbent (m), and pH were considered as the three main variables at two different levels. The maximum removal efficiency of Cd(II) was achieved within 1 h contact time. It was found that all the main factors and their interactions were significant at p < 0.05. Doehlert response surface methodology was utilized (13 runs) for finding a suitable mathematical model. The analysis of variance and some statistical tests such as lack-of-fit, coefficient of determination (R ²), and residual distribution plot confirmed the validity of the model. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of Cd(II) by Ulmus tree leaves were found as pH = 3.4, m (amount of sorbent) = 0.128 g, C _m (initial concentration of metal ion) = 12.1 mg L^?1.     

Seasonal behaviour of lead concentration in poplar leaves∗

Seasonal variation of lead concentration in urban area in poplar leaves, is discussed as part of the more general problem of the interactions of gaseous and nongaseous air pollutants with terrestrial vegetation.     

香蕉茎叶资源的开发利用

根据我国香蕉资源丰富而茎叶利用不够充分的情况,结合国内外研究现状,阐述了香蕉茎叶资源开发利用的现状和前景.香蕉茎叶除了可以作为饲草资源外,还可用于栽培食用菌、提取盐、医用、造纸等,是一种有待大力开发的农作物资源.     

Evaluation of a cost e ective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using Lolium perenne Lam as a biofilter

Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN （total ammonia nitrogen）, 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN （total nitrogen） and TP （total phosphorus） load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.