Evaluation of a cost e ective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using Lolium perenne Lam as a biofilter

Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN （total ammonia nitrogen）, 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN （total nitrogen） and TP （total phosphorus） load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.     

Chemometrical classification of biomonitoring analytical data for heavy metals part I. trees (leaves) as bioindicators

The application of tree species (leaves) as biomonitoring devices is studies by the use of cluster analysis. It is shown that the chemical analysis of leaf samples should be accompanied by a careful chemometrical data treatment in order to obtain a reliable information on the behaviour of various tree species to heavy metal exposure (8 trees for three heavy metals in twelve different places) in fall and spring season. Additionally, the distribution of the sampling sites is studied by the same approach and a commentary on the urban aspects of sampling is given.     

黄土丘陵区退耕时间序列梯度上草本植被群落与土壤C、N、P、K化学计量学特征

研究草本植被群落生态化学计量学特征、营养元素分配及其变化规律对阐明草本植被群落对环境变化的响应和适应性具有重要意义.本文以延河流域8个不同退耕年限的草本植被群落叶片、根系及土壤为对象,分别对其C、N、P、K化学计量学特征进行了研究.结果表明,黄土丘陵区草本植被群落叶片C、N、P、K含量平均值分别为444.21、22.34、1.49、14.66mg·g~(-1),C/N、C/P、C/K、N/P平均值分别为21.86、424.72、39.82、20.27;根系C、N、P、K含量平均值分别为285.16、5.79、0.27、6.07 mg·g~(-1),C/N、C/P、C/K、N/P平均值分别为60.56、1 019.33、46.55、21.36;土壤C、N、P、K含量平均值分别为2.28、0.18、0.28、4.33 mg·g~(-1),C/N、C/P、C/K、N/P平均值分别为16.43、8.40、0.54、0.66.在退耕1~35年间,草本植被群落叶片C含量上升,N含量先上升后下降,磷含量整体下降,K含量先下降后上升;叶片C/N、C/P、C/K、N/P总体呈上升趋势.根系C、N、P、K含量及其特征的变化规律与叶片不尽相同.随着退耕年限的增加,土壤C、N含量上升,P含量呈反正弦函数状变化,K含量呈抛物线状变化,C/N下降,C/P、C/K、N/P均上升.在退耕时间序列梯度上,C、P、K在叶片和根系中含量的比值存在不同程度的下降趋势,C、N、P在叶片和土壤中含量的比值下降,C、N在根系和土壤中含量的比值下降.植物营养元素的限制状况及分配规律均与退耕恢复时间响应关系及程度均存在差异.     

Heavy metals accumulation in tree leaves from urban areas

Higher plants may be used as biomonitors for the assessment of atmospheric heavy metal pollution by means of their bioaccumulative properties. We evaluated the reliability of biomonitoring heavy metal pollution by horse chestnut and linden leaves, common species found in Belgrade city parks. The results show that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in horse chestnut leaves at Studentski Park site, amounting to 110.2, 20.3 and 4.9 g g^–1 dry weight for Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively, which are considered above toxic levels for plants.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic.     

潮汕地区水稻高产栽培措施调查

1991年在潮汕地区进行的水稻高产经验调查结果表明:(1)改善土壤环境、培育肥沃深厚的土壤、提高地力产量,是水稻高产的前提。高产田在植稻前土壤的有效氮(碱解N,电脑推荐施肥法)含量平均为103(±7)mg kg~(-1),有效磷(P_2O_5,MⅢ法)为40(±10)mg kg~(-1),有效钾(K_2O,MⅢ法)为150(±59)mg kg~(-1)。具有这种养分含量的稻田在当季不施肥的地力产量平均占82(±5)％,连续两季不施肥的仍占76(±6)％。(2)增施有机肥。施用量一般占施肥总量(N+P_2O_5+K_2O)的30—40％。化肥氮的施用遵循“前足、中促、后壮”的原则。(3)应用“健身栽培”、肥水促控等措施来控制水稻的最高苗数、提高成穗率和稻谷结实率。(4)延长功能叶的寿命,收获期每株水稻的青叶数保持在3片以上。     

一株降低烟草中特有亚硝胺细菌的分离鉴定及特性研究

从白肋烟TRM品种叶片中分离得到一株能降低白肋烟烟草中特有的亚硝胺(TSNA)含量的内生细菌菌株,该菌株能还原硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐.通过形态、生理生化特性分析以及16SrDNA序列进行同源比较,鉴定该菌株为根瘤土壤杆菌属,定名为Agrobaterium tumefaciens.该菌株最佳生长温度为25～30℃,最佳培养基为TSB,最适pH值为7.0～8.0.在采收前一天,对白肋烟品种TN86进行菌株喷洒处理;检测晾制期间TSNA、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量变化.结果表明,在晾制前期,TSNA含量比较低且变化幅度较小;晾制30d时,TSNA含量达到最大;在晾制末期,喷洒菌株处理的烟叶中TSNA含量有明显的降低,比同一时期对照烟叶中TSNA含量降低了81.3%;常规化学成分及烟叶感官质量与对照相似,都达到了优级白肋烟标准.通过分析该菌株对硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及TSNA的影响,推测该菌株可能通过还原亚硝酸盐,使亚硝酸盐含量减少,从而降低了TSNA的形成.     

快速检测烟叶中的呋喃丹,抗蚜威,甲霜灵

本文提出一种快速、高效提取净化烟叶中的呋喃丹、抗蚜威、甲霜灵的前处理方法和用氮磷检测器检测的气相色谱法。该法的最低检出浓度００２ ～００５ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １ ， 在烟叶中的平均加标回收率为９０６ ～１０２６ ％ ， 变异系数２３９ ～５６２ ％ 。     

Removal of heavy metals（Cr~（6＋），Ni~（2＋）） from polluted water using decaying leaves of plane（Plantanus orientalis）

Ｒｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓ（Ｃｒ~（６＋），Ｎｉ~（２＋））ｆｒｏｍｐｏｌｌｕｔｅｄｗａｔｅｒｕｓｉｎｇｄｅｃａｙｉｎｇｌｅａｖｅｓｏｆｐｌａｎｅ（Ｐｌａｎｔａｎｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ）￥ＴａｎＺｈｉｑｕｎ（ＴｚｉｔｓｃｈｕｎｇＴ．Ｔａ...     

Study of ciprofloxacin removal by biochar obtained from used tea leaves

In this study,used tea leaves(UTLs) were pyrolyzed to obtain used tea-leaf biochar(UTC),and then the UTC was used as an adsorbent to remove ciprofloxacin(CIP) from aqueous solutions.Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the CIP adsorption performance and mechanism.The results showed that the CIP-adsorbing ability first increased and then declined as the UTC pyrolysis temperature increased.The UTC obtained at 450°C presented excellent CIP-absorbing ability at p H 6 and 40°C.The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 238.10 mg/g based on the Langmuir isotherm model.The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation agreed well with the CIP adsorption process,which was controlled by both external boundary layer diffusion and intra-particle diffusion.The characterization analysis revealed that the \OH groups,C_C bonds of aromatic rings,C\H groups in aromatic rings and phenolic C\O bonds play vital roles in the CIP adsorption process,and that the N\C,N\O,O\C_O and C\OH groups of UTC were consumed in large quantities.π–π interactions,hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction are inferred as the main adsorption mechanisms.The present work provides not only a feasible and promising approach for UTLs utilization but also a potential adsorbent material for removing high concentrations of CIP from aqueous solutions.     

荆州大气氟污染与植物叶片含氟量监测分析

本研究对荆州市区内的多种植物叶片含氟量进行了测定 ,同步测定了大气的氟污染状况 ,并进行了相关性分析。结果表明 ,荆州市部分区域存在一定程度氟污染 ,不同区域及不同植物叶片含氟量有明显的差异 ,叶片氟累积量与大气中氟含量呈显著的正相关。