论固体废物污染越境转移法律、法规的完善——从我国的“洋垃圾”问题谈起

虽然上世纪90年代我国就开始重视“洋垃圾”问题，并从法律、法规层面和政府环境管理中对境外废弃物加以控制，但“洋垃圾”问题仍得不到根本解决，仍是困扰我国经济发展和生态环境的重要问题。“洋垃圾”问题是指一国通过各种渠道向另一国输出废弃物，甚至有害危险废弃物的现象。据报道，我国将成为全球最大的垃圾倾倒国，这不能不让每个中国人担忧。文章对该问题进行思考，并提出了一些法制完善的建议。     

中国环境管理引进自愿手段的法律基础分析

自愿手段已日益成为环境管理的一项重要手段,其在发达国家的运用取得了良好的效果,中国突出的环境污染问题迫切要求引入自愿手段以弥补传统环境管理手段的不足.通过总结中国现有法律体系中有关自愿手段的规定,分析了中国环境管理引进自愿手段的法律基础,并在此基础上提出了构建自愿手段法律框架的若干建议.     

环境经济问题的哲学思考—生态经济系统的基本矛盾及其解决途径

本文从阐述生态经济系统、生态经济平衡和生态经济效益等生态经济学的基本范畴入手，揭示生态经济问题产生和演变的内在机理－生态经济系统的基本矛盾；从经济发展、人口增长、生产力进步而与资源缺口、环境容量、生态平衡等的相互关系，分析生态经济基本矛盾的种种表现；从原始社会、农业社会和工业社会等几个主要阶段，阐明生态经济基本矛盾产生和发展的一般过程，并从自然生态系统与社会经济系统在运动周期性、有序性、运行路线与运行机制等方面异同，着重论述产生生态经济基本矛盾的原因，进一步阐明生态问题演变的规律性。探讨解决生态经济基本矛盾的途径，即通过控制人口，转变经济增长方式，实施资源替代战略和地域优势互补，建立生态化的产业和区域发展模式，进行环境与资源市场化的制度创新，实现人口、资源、环境与经济的协调发展。     

SELECTED CHALLENGES IN RUNOFF GENERATION RESEARCH IN FORESTS FROM THE HILLSLOPE TO HEADWATER DRAINAGE BASIN SCALE1

ABSTRACT: When faced with practical forest land management issues such as the impacts of logging or forest conversion to other land uses, planners ideally require a comprehensive understanding of within drainage basin hydrological processes to determine the most vulnerable areas to increased storm runoff and erosion. Land managers in particular need to know the source areas and magnitude of inputs to the storm hydrograph, in terms of water quantity, sediment and solute transport; and the routing of such hydrographs from headwater to larger drainage basins. The latter includes an overall assessment at various scales of the impacts of forest disturbance and conversion on the water balance. This paper will focus on runoff generation in terms of identifying the various pathways and source areas. Such aspects will be linked with the need for a more comprehensive effort towards the field testing of so-called ‘physically based’ models of runoff generation. Some of the controversial issues arising from the difficulties in reconciling results from hydrochemical investigations with complementary hydrometric studies will be highlighted. Subsequently, attention will be given to topographic-wetness models, which have promising applications in forestland management. In addition, alternative simple models for application at the catchment scale will be assessed. The latter is in recognition that at smaller scales, heterogeneity both in time and space of soil hydraulic properties demand a greater number of parameters in modelling. Such considerations can even prove an obstacle in terms of the confident application of ‘physically based’ models.     

论加强可持续发展的法制建设

为了全面实施可持续发展战略,加强可持续发展法制建设甚为重要。本文从立法、实施、监督、研究的角度,探讨了可持续发展法制建设的任务、目标与措施。     

论我国可持续发展的环境经济法律制度

环境问题的经济根源在于其“外部不经济性”;保护环境资源、促进可持续发展的政策与法律体系在于构建环境经济法制制度、“命令和控制”措施以及宣传、教育手段等共同组成的有机整体。由此,本文研究了我国环境经济法律制度的现状及其完善途径。     

火力发电行业开展排污单位自行监测关键问题探讨

自行监测是排污许可制度的重要技术支撑。针对火力发电行业自行监测质量参差不齐的现实情况,笔者依据国家颁布的技术指南和行业检测机构实践经验,在调查研究全国有代表性的21家火力发电厂自行监测开展情况的基础上,对制度、方案、机制、管理等方面的关键问题进行了探讨,提出了加强企业自行监测制度建设、借助专业机构支撑、创新监测监督联合机制、发挥集团管控作用等方面的措施建议。     

LINKING AIR ISSUES WITH DOSE-RESPONSE AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL-CYCLE MODELS

This paper describes the roles that dose-response andbiogeochemical-cycle models play in the comparative and integratedassessment of several atmospheric issues. The two approaches aredescribed briefly, as they are commonly used, and as they might beapplied when multiple stressors and receptors, and when interactingcycles, respectively, are involved. Examples are drawn from thecarbon and sulfur cycles to demonstrate how knowledge of a cycleprovides a useful link among various current pollution issues. Possibleinteractions and some shortcomings of the two approaches are given,leading to suggestions for the appropriate use of the two tools forscientific analysis and policy development for the various air issues.     

Contextualisation of policy and law in sustainable urban development

The old tension between planning and law is revived in current practices of sustainable development. Urban professionals often blame central regulation for frustrating an inventive integration of local initiatives and policies. Against this background, the authors focus on the potential of ‘legal contextualisation’: the challenge of how to improve on regulation in such a way that it guides local practices in a normative sense but simultaneously enables optimal use of local – context bounded – option space. In order to make legal contextualisation researchable, the next four operational avenues of analysis are constructed in this paper: the normative dimension (requiring quality of legal norms); the relational dimension (studying the alignment of norms in different positions, such as the legislation, the court, and social compliance); the temporal dimension (searching the alignment of different moments of legal validation); and the functional dimension (making transparent the different roles that government agencies may take).     

变更管理重要性和现存问题及其对策探讨

变更管理(Management of Change,MOC)在美国OSHA标准和我国工艺安全管理(PSM)体系中均被列为一个重要要素,但是由于我国管理起步较晚和缺乏经验等原因,导致MOC管理普遍存在问题。本文论述了变更管理的概念和起源,并以事故例证方式说明MOC管理不当是造成国内外很多重大事故的原因,从而阐述了加强其管理的重要意义。以某石化企业借鉴国外先进管理经验并结合企业变更管理实际为例,重点论述变更实施过程管理、风险分析及分类审批方法,以及保障变更资料完整性和准确性3个方面问题的解决对策和方法尝试,供其它企业参考,共同降低整个社会的风险。