安全分级评价在工伤保险中的应用研究

为了完善工伤保险费率制度,增强其科学性与合理性,将模糊综合评价法应用于安全分级评价,并以此指导保险费率的制定。阐述了安全评价指标权重的确定方法,选用层次分析法构建安全评价指标权重模型,选用模糊评判法构建安全分级评价模型,得出了工程项目安全分级评价等级确定方法。以我国某山区高速公路第二施工现场为例,按照安全分级评价状况确定其工伤保险费率水平。最后分析了安全分级评价对保险费率制定的指导作用。     

沈阳市环境污染责任保险推进工作的探索与实践

在全面介绍沈阳市环境污染责任保险推进情况的基础上,论述了沈阳市参加保险企业的确定原则、推进方法及配套政策措施,并结合当前沈阳市该险种推进过程中存在的问题,提出了选择适合的环境污染责任保险模式、加强环保部门与保险行业的合作、将环境污染责任险融入到环境管理工作中等建议及对策。     

我国煤矿安全生产领域构建保险体系的探讨

我国煤矿事故多发且后果严重,其安全生产形势严峻,而煤矿安全生产领域的工伤保险体制却存在着一些问题和不足。本文将我国煤矿现有的工伤保险与强制雇主责任保险相结合,提出了构建二元化的保险体系,即针对现有的工伤保险,结合煤矿安全生产的特点,建立主成分分析和聚类分析划分风险等级的模型,用来确定工伤保险费率,强调费率对企业安全状况的反馈,并充分利用工伤保险基金从技术上改进煤矿安全生产状况,同时引入强制雇主责任保险以便有效地转嫁矿难所带来的巨大风险。通过构建新的保险体系用来改善我国目前严峻的煤矿安全生产状况。     

黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地保护法律问题研究

长期以来,黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地由于人口的增长、经济开发活动频繁增加,社会公众和管理者对湿地的功能和综合价值缺乏足够的认知,对其只是索取,而缺乏有效的保护,致使湿地生态环境发生了重大变化,造成水环境污染严重,土壤沙化、盐碱化面积不断扩大,灾害性气候频繁发生,动植物等生物多样性急剧减少,这与中国可持续发展的战略主旨及世界潮流相悖.在此,对黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地的现存问题进行分析,以期通过完善区域专项立法、建立湿地专管机构和湿地管理专项资金、完善管理协调机制、建立湿地环境影响评价制度和生态补偿制度、完善环境保护相关法律责任等途径,切实做到对湿地的保护和开发利用并重.     

Insurance and flood risk reduction in Ghana: do insurers penalise homeowners who take precautionary measures?

Today, many advocate insurance as a tool for coping with natural disasters. Beyond providing prompt financial relief to victims of disasters, insurance can also incentivise individuals to invest in preventive measures if insurers reward such efforts with reduced premiums. However, insurers might be unable to reward investments in precautionary measures with lower premiums if they are ill-informed about individual-level risks. Here, we explore how Ghanaian home insurers respond to investments in flood risk reduction by asking them to quote premiums for four identical buildings; two had investments in flood risk reduction, while the other two had none. We find that insurers did not reward investments in risk reduction, with some charging higher premiums for elevated buildings, suggesting they have interpreted such preventive measures as a sign of high flood risk. This failure to reward investments in precautionary measures may discourage insured homeowners from investing in risk reduction.     

自然资源资产负债表编制的理论与实践

自然资源资产负债表在国内外都是一个全新的课题,然而学术界关于自然资源核算、环境经济核算、国家资产负债表编制和生态系统服务评估等方向的研究由来已久,为我国自然资源资产负债表的编制提供了大量可资借鉴的学术成果。本文在综述相关领域研究进展的基础上,基于会计学、经济学、资源环境科学等学科视角论述了自然资源资产负债表编制的理论基础,辨析了自然资源资产、负债和净资产等核心概念的内涵,从基本假设、表式结构、数据来源等方面探讨了自然资源资产负债表的框架体系,并回顾了当前自然资源资产负债表编制的实践经验,以期为深化自然资源资产负债表研究提供科学参考。     

Analysis of precipitation-related motor vehicle collision and injury risk using insurance and police record information for Winnipeg, Canada

Introduction

Police records are the most common source of data used to estimate motor-vehicle collision risks, understand causal or contributing factors, and evaluate the efficacy of interventions. The literature notes concerns about this information citing discrepancies between police reports and other sources of injury occurrence and severity data. The primary objective of the analysis was to assess the adequacy of police reports for an examination of weather-related injury collision risk.

Method

Analyses of relative risk were carried out using both police records and comprehensive insurance claim data for Winnipeg, Canada over the period 1999-2001.

Results and conclusions

Both data sets yielded very similar results—precipitation substantially increases the risk of injury collision (police records: RR 1.76, CI 1.55-2.00; insurance: RR 1.80, CI 1.62-1.99) and risk of injury (police records, RR 1.74, CI 1.55-1.96; insurance, RR 1.69, CI 1.55-1.85) relative to corresponding dry weather control periods. Both rainfall and snowfall were associated with large increases in collisions and injuries.

Impact on Industry

While relative risks are almost identical, over 64% more injury collisions and 74% more injuries were identified using the insurance data, which is an important difference for evaluating absolute risk and exposure.     

Valuing floodplain protection and avoidance in a coastal watershed

Flood‐related losses in the United States are increasing despite large‐scale mitigation efforts. To offset the rising cost of floods, the US Congress passed legislation in 2014 that will augment insurance premiums to make the National Flood Insurance Program more actuarially sound. Consequently, there is interest in lowering flood‐related costs to the homeowner, both in terms of premiums and damage. This study addresses the issue by integrating premium savings and damages avoided based on several mitigation scenarios. Specifically, it examines how much policyholders within a watershed near Houston, Texas, could have saved between 1999 and 2009 had their communities introduced specific avoidance‐based mitigation activities. The results indicate that homeowners and communities can offset premium rises and a majority of the damage suffered through marginal expansions of such initiatives. However, the costs associated with their implementation could counter some of these savings, and hence they need to be considered in future work.     

实施《工伤保险条例》的难点及对策

针对深入贯彻实施《工伤保险条例》的情况,提出了当前存在的难点有：工伤认定政策放宽带来的难点以及工伤保险与预防、康复存在事实上的脱节现象。采取了5个方面的对策：实施教育及激励约束机制,加强工伤认定工作的研究,完善工伤保险中的事故预防机制,以及建立工伤预防基金,强化安全“三基”工作。     

Valuing environmental damage remediation and liability using value estimates for ecosystem services

The European Environmental Liability Directive aims to ensure that damaged habitats are restored where possible, but allows for complementary remediation with replacement habitat where restoration is not possible within a reasonable time. It also allows for compensatory remediation of the resource based on an assessment of environmental values in cases where there are interim social losses. This paper concurs with the argument that physical remediation without consideration of social values can fail to be equivalent to the resource that has been lost. Using, as a case study, a river in Ireland, it demonstrates that estimating social value can be challenging in practice, noting also differences between the value of environmental gains and losses. The paper argues that estimates of final ecosystem service values, including wastewater treatment costs, can provide a measure of social value and makes a case for the systematic collection of these data to inform decision-making.