湿式电除尘器用于生物质气化燃气除尘的实验研究

生物质粉尘是生物质气化燃气中主要的杂质之一,其清除效果对生物质气化发电机组的安全运行有着重要的影响。以湿式电除尘装置作为试验平台,研究了生物质粉尘的特性和不同影响因素下湿式电除尘器的除尘效率,并对干法、湿法除尘效率进行对比。研究结果表明:生物质粉尘主要含C、O、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Fe等元素,中位径为26.05μm。在相同条件下,除尘效率随着水压的增大而逐渐增大,当增加到0.4 MPa以后,无较大变化,除尘效率随着电场风速、焦油浓度的增加而减少,在洗涤水中添加少量的碱液有利于除尘。采用极配型式为RS二刺芒刺线配480C型板,当水压为0.4 MPa、电场风速为1.0 m/s,除尘效率可达99.21%。     

Prevalence and perspectives of illegal trade in cacti and succulent plants in the collector community

Although illegal wildlife trade (IWT) represents a serious threat to biodiversity, research into the prevalence of illegal plant collection and trade remains scarce. Because cacti and succulents are heavily threatened by overcollection for often illegal, international ornamental trade, we surveyed 441 members of the cacti and succulent hobbyist collector community with a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. We sought to understand collector perspectives on the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) and on the threats IWT poses to cactus and succulent conservation. Most respondents (74% of 401 respondents) stated that illegal collection in cacti and succulents represents a “very serious problem” and that the problem of wild plant collection is increasing (72% of 319 respondents). Most forms of illegal collection and trade were seen as very unacceptable by respondents. Self-reported noncompliance with CITES rules was uncommon (11.2% of 418 respondents); it remains a persistent problem in parts of the cacti and succulent hobbyist community. People engaging in rule breaking, such as transporting plants without required CITES documents, generally did so knowingly. Although 60.6% of 381 respondents regarded CITES as a very important tool for conservation, sentiment toward CITES and its efficacy in helping species conservation was mixed. Collectors in our survey saw themselves as potentially playing important roles in cactus and succulent conservation, but this potential resource remains largely untapped. Our results suggest the need for enhanced consultation with stakeholders in CITES decision-making. For challenging subjects like IWT, developing evidence-based responses demands deep interdisciplinary engagement, including assessing the conservation impact of species listings on CITES appendices.     

Handheld-Assisted Field Data Collection for Occupational Risk Assessment

A computerized handheld procedure is presented in this paper. It is intended as a database complementary tool, to enhance prospective risk analysis in the field of occupational health. The Pendragon forms software (version 3.2) has been used to implement acquisition procedures on Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and to transfer data to a computer in an MS-Access format. The data acquisition strategy proposed relies on the risk assessment method practiced at the Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (IST). It involves the use of a systematic hazard list and semi-quantitative risk assessment scales. A set of 7 modular forms has been developed to cover the basic need of field audits. Despite the minor drawbacks observed, the results obtained so far show that handhelds are adequate to support field risk assessment and follow-up activities. Further improvements must still be made in order to increase the tool effectiveness and field adequacy.     

宏观环境督察信息获取机制研究

本文对信息获取过程中的信息来源分析方法、信息采集方法、信息检索方法、信息加工方法进行了简要介绍,并将上述信息获取方法用于宏观环境督察信息获取过程中,研究了宏观环境督察信息获取机制,并对宏观环境督察信息获取过程进行了详细地分析,为后续的宏观环境督察信息发布提供了基础。     

平顶山市区煤烟型大气污染现状及治理措施

分析了平顶山市区燃煤造成大气污染的严重现状及其原因,对实施"蓝天工程",提出了治理措施,政策措施,煤炭燃烧前、燃烧过程以及烟气排放三个阶段的除尘脱硫技术措施。     

Seasonal variation of microbial populations and biomass in Tatachia grassland soils of Taiwan

To investigate the seasonal variations of microbial ecology in grassland of Tatachia forest, soil properties, microbial populations, microbial biomass, and 16S rDNA clone library analysis were determined. The soil had temperatures 6.6–18.4°C, pH 3.6–5.1, total organic carbon 1.11–10.68%, total nitrogen 0.18–0.78%, and C/N ratios 3.46–20.55. Each gram of dry soil contained bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, cellulolytic, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, and nitrogen-fixing microbes 4.54 × 10⁴ to 3.79 × 10⁷, 3.43 × 10² to 2.17 × 10⁵, 5.74 × 10³ to 3.76 × 10⁶, 1.97 × 10³ to 1.34 × 10⁶, 8.49 × 10² to 5.59 × 10⁵, and 3.86 × 10² to 3.75 × 10⁵ CFU, respectively. Each gram of soil contained 117–2,482 μg of microbial biomass carbon, 23–216 μg of microbial biomass nitrogen and 9–29 μg of DNA. The microbial populations, microbial biomass, and DNA decreased stepwise with the depth of soil, and they had low values in winter seasons. The microbial populations, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and DNA at the BW2 horizon were 8.42–17.84, 19.26–64.40, 16.84–61.11, and 31.03–46.26% of those at the O horizon, respectively. When analyzing 16S rDNA library, members of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, candidate division TM1, candidate division TM7, Gammatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia were identified. Members of Proteobacteria (44.4%) and Acidobacteria (33.3%) dominated the clone libraries. Within the phylum Proteobacteria, α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria were most numerous, followed by δ-Proteobacteria.     

云南粳稻核心种质杂种后代孕穗期耐冷性研究

以236份云南地方粳稻核心种质和云南主栽梗稻Oryza satica品种合系35配制的杂种F5、BC1F4、BC2F3和BC3F2为材料,在昆明自然低温平均17.8℃(冷害)条件下,对亲本及其后代进行孕穗期耐冷性研究.结果表明:①亲本耐冷性状间的相关性明显高于其杂种后代,不同世代间总体趋势为随着回交世代增加其性状间相关性减弱.在亲本及其杂种后代间耐冷指标性状穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、每穗秕粒数与结实率均呈较高的(≥0.370)极显著(n=236,R0.01=0.181)相关.②株高、穗颈长、穗下节长等耐冷性状在亲本强弱耐冷系统群间的差异明显,表现为亲本耐冷性强的材料秆和穗较长、穗粒数较多,同一性状变异程度减小.但随着回交代数的增加,这些性状的平均值逐渐趋同于轮回亲本,差异减小.③穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、每穗秕粒数与结实率在5个稻作区间的变化规律呈现一致性,亲本和F5的差异较大,而BC2F4、BC2F3和BC3F2的差异较小,且趋同于轮回亲本.通过连续回交,在BC3F1即可获得耐冷性状表现良好的材料.     

江苏省稻麦秸秆收集利用现状分析及对策

以江苏省稻麦秸秆收集为例,采用问卷调查与实地调研相结合的方法,调查了稻麦秸秆收集利用现状;结合当地稻麦收获期间的气象资料,分析了稻麦秸秆收集面临的困难。结果显示:(1)目前稻麦秸秆的主要利用方式是直接还田,供调研2个乡(镇)秸秆还田农户分别占调研户数的22.01%和28.75%;2个乡(镇)均有部分稻麦秸秆没有得到有效处理,乡(镇)B 50%以上的农户稻麦秸秆未被利用,被遗弃和焚烧的比例高达55%以上;(2)稻麦收获季节旬降水量为7.21~87.28 mm,旬降水时间为1.53~5.00 d,降水天气不仅影响稻麦的适时收获,更严重影响着秸秆的收集打捆、运输与贮存;(3)稻麦收获时间相对集中,大量秸秆短时间内产生,收种时间几乎完全重叠,可供秸秆收集的时间极短;(4)秸秆收集效益低,农户收集运输的收益约为60~90元·d-1,低于外出务工收入,难以吸引社会资本投入到秸秆收贮产业;(5)秸秆收集打捆装备缺乏,现有收集装备及技术亟需改进和完善,秸秆收集机械化水平低,直接影响到收集效率。因此,可收集时间短、受天气影响大、收集效益低、收集机械化水平低是当前阻碍稻麦秸秆收集的主要问题,应提升秸秆收集效益驱动力,加快稻麦收割打捆机研发,建立秸秆收集长效运行机制,以解决秸秆收集难题。     

Ni2+金属结合肽的筛选和序列分析

利用噬菌体随机十二肽库对金属N i2 进行了结合肽筛选,经5轮生物淘洗、噬菌体扩增和DNA测序,获得8条多肽序列,分析发现其中富含组氨酸(4~6个/肽).结果表明,组氨酸的存在对蛋白质和金属N i2 的结合起着关键作用.图1表1参11