基于激光雷达分析一次重霾过程混合层高度

为深化对冬季重霾天气大气混合层高度的认识,利用Mie散射激光雷达观测了成都市2014年1月23日至2月4日一次典型重霾天气过程。基于Mie散射激光雷达探测获取的后向散射系数,使用SBH99算法计算了该过程的混合层高度,并系统分析其演变特征及其与气象因子的关系,研究结果表明:将激光雷达探测的混合层高度与探空曲线表征出的混合层高度进行对比分析,结果显示两者具有较好的一致性,相关系数为0.893 4;此次重霾过程中,混合层高度平均值较低,约378 m;霾天气发生后,混合层高度显著下降,并且混合层高度的最大值与最小值之间差距缩小,日变化波动不明显;混合层高度的发展与空气温度的变化趋势呈正相关关系,与相对湿度呈负相关关系。     

宜宾地区气溶胶垂直结构地基空基联合监测分析

利用Cloud-Aerosol LIDAR with Orthogonal Polarization(CALIOP)正交极化云-气溶胶星载激光雷达Level1B资料和LGJ-01型号气溶胶地基激光雷达资料对宜宾地区2016年12月—2017年2月无污染时期、少云轻度污染时期和多云重度污染时期气溶胶的衰减后向散射系数和退偏振比光学参数的垂直分布进行对比分析研究。结果表明:少云轻度污染时期,CALIOP数据监测到海拔高度为0. 2～1. 0 km范围内气溶胶颗粒集中分布,LGJ-01数据监测到厚度约为0. 2 km的近地面气溶胶层,2个激光雷达监测结果基本一致;重度污染时期,LGJ-01地基激光雷达能够较好地探测近地面气溶胶层,CALIOP星载激光雷达能够较好地探测到高空云层,若将两者结合,则能实现不同天气状况下的综合探测,以期较全面客观地为研究气溶胶垂直结构提供观测及科研数据。     

基于激光雷达分析2020年冬季镇江地区一次大气污染过程

利用气溶胶激光雷达观测结果,结合环境监测站污染物浓度数据、气象观测资料及HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式结果,综合分析2020年1月17—22日镇江市一次大气污染过程。结果显示,此次污染过程前期天气形势稳定,不利于污染物的清除及扩散,后期受偏北风影响,北方污染物向镇江输送,使得本地污染物持续累积,污染不断加重。特征雷达图分析表明此次污染为以PM2.5为主的二次污染。激光雷达显示污染日消光系数为0.0⁰.9 km-1,消光系数垂直廓线日变化特征明显,气溶胶粒子主要堆积在0.6 km高度以下,并且很好地揭示了污染气团从高空逐渐下沉最终与本地污染叠加的过程,与HYSPLIT模式解析的污染气团来源结果基本一致。     

广州地区典型灰霾过程及不同天气类型下边界层高度研究

利用2013年9月—2014年11月广州地区激光雷达观测结果,使用小波分析反演边界层高度(PBLH),通过归一化后向散射信号(NRB)的小波分解对小波分析中直接影响PBLH识别的尺度因子a进行了选取.并以2014年1月发生的一次灰霾过程为例,对灰霾过程的PBLH等边界层特征进行了分析,并对边界层垂直结构进行了初步探究.同时,利用自组织映射神经网络(SOM)进行了天气分型,对整个观测时段激光雷达反演的PBLH与天气型之间的关系进行了统计.结果表明,通过对NRB廓线的小波分解,小波分析尺度因子a取300较为合适.灰霾过程中PBLH均存在日变化.从平均结果来看,PBLH最高值出现在13:00,为850 m;最低值出现在5:00,为483 m.灰霾过程PBLH与PM_(2.5)之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.62,p0.01),风速与PM_(2.5)之间也呈显著负相关(r=-0.39,p0.01).对流边界层平均高度约为稳定边界层的1.5倍,峰值高度约为稳定边界层的3倍.低压天气系统控制下灰霾天气出现的概率较低,对应的PBLH明显较高,峰值高度在1200～1600 m,日间边界层发展极为明显.而高压天气系统控制下边界层发展容易受到抑制,峰值高度均低于1000 m.     

Application of ground-based Lidar for studies of the dynamics of ozone in a mountainous basin

A ground-based Differential Absorption Lidar was employed to study the dynamics of atmospheric O3 within the planetary boundary layer of a basin in the 'Fichtelgebirge' mountains, NE Bavaria. In particular, the night-time dynamics of O3 linked to the ground were investigated. The Lidar system measured vertical profiles of O3 up to 1 km above ground. For detailed analysis of the night-time dynamics of ozone, supplementary data from three ground-based stations (measuring mixing ratios of O3 and NO(x), as well as meteorological parameters) are essential. The Lidar results could be evaluated with these data from various altitudes above the basin floor. For the station with the largest (vertical) distance to the ground-based Lidar, the agreement was very good at all times. The Lidar method proved to be useful for examining the spatial distribution of O3. The observed night-time decrease of O3 at the bottom of the basin was due to deposition and to advection of air masses containing less O3 from the mountain slopes.     

Drainage Impacts on Surficial Water Retention Capacity of a Prairie Pothole Watershed

Wetland restoration has been proposed as a tool to mitigate excess runoff and associated nonpoint source pollution in the Upper Midwestern United States. This study quantified the surficial water retention capacity of existing and drained wetlands for the Greater Blue Earth River Basin (GBERB), an intensively drained agricultural watershed. Using airborne light detection and ranging, the historic depressional storage was determined to be 152 mm. Individual depression analysis suggested that the restoration of most drained areas would have little impact on the storage capacity of the GBERB because the majority (53%) of retention capacity was in large depressions (>40 ha) which comprised only a small proportion (<1.0) of the observed depressions. Accounting for change in storage and the difference in annual evapotranspiration (ET) between wetlands and the croplands that replaced them, restoration of all depressions in the Minnesota portion of GBERB would provide a maximum of 131 mm additional capacity over and above the modern day capacity (193 mm; 56 mm depressional storage; 60 mm wetland ET; and 77 mm cropland ET). Considering that depressional depths in smaller areas are within the range of uncertainty of the lidar digital elevation models and larger depressions have the most storage, we conclude that efforts to increase the surficial water‐holding capacity of the GBERB would be best served in the restoration of large (>40 ha) depressions.     

Study of Asian Dust Phenomena in 2001–2003 Using A Network of Continuously Operated Polarization Lidars

We have conducted dust observations at a number of locations including Beijing, Hefei, Suwon, Fukue, Nagasaki, Tsukuba, and Sapporo using automated two-wavelength polarization lidars o study Asian dust phenomena, including generation, transport, and change during transport. We developed a method using the depolarization ratio for estimating the contributions of Asian dust and spherical air-pollution aerosols in observed aerosol mixtures. We analyzed the dust profiles statistically to derive climatological characteristics and year-on-year variations. We also studied dust source and transport path for each dust event using the regional chemical transport model CFORS. The statistical analysis clearly demonstrated the year-on-year variation of dust phenomena and the characteristics depending on the locations of the observational sites. Most major dust events in 2001 and 2002 originated in Inner Mongolia and/or Mongolia at the southern edge of a low-pressure area located in Siberia and were transported by strong westerlies. In 2003, the typical meteorological pattern for heavy dust cases accompanying a strong low in Siberia was not seen, except for one case in April. Furthermore, the lidar observation in Beijing suggests that less dust was generated in the source regions in Inner Mongolia and/or Mongolia, probably due to higher precipitation in 2003.     

一次严重灰霾过程的气溶胶光学特性垂直分布

利用激光雷达在广州地区一次严重灰霾过程进行探测,并反演气溶胶消光系数及退偏比,分析边界层结构演变对气溶胶消光系数廓线分布的影响.结果表明,气溶胶主要在1.5km以下.发生灰霾天气时,霾层达到1km,午后可达1.5km,发生严重灰霾天气时,霾层只有500m.气溶胶消光系数随高度分布在清洁过程中呈线性递减,标高为1490m,在灰霾过程中呈指数递减,标高为789.5m.从气溶胶消光系数廓线变化可以很好地反演边界层结构的演变.气溶胶消光系数在残留层顶出现极大值.气溶胶退偏比有明显的日变化,白天的退偏比比夜间的高,午后出现峰值.该次过程气溶胶的退偏比小于0.2.本地气溶胶廓线只有在清洁过程时与Elterman廓线接近.     

PML系统性能测定及卷云偏振探测结果分析

偏振-米散射激光雷达(PML)是532 nm单波长激光雷达,可对气溶胶的消光特性及偏振特性进行定量探测.对PML探测性能从三方面进行验证:①对PML主要性能参数的测试结果表明,该系统性能可靠;②对比PML和拉曼-米散射激光雷达(RML)对气溶胶的测试结果发现,二者基本一致;③用激光雷达和太阳辐射计对同一大气光学厚度对比探测可知,二者探测值基本一致.用PML对2005年2─5月合肥地区卷云退偏振比的观测结果表明:合肥地区位于7～12 km高度区域的卷云退偏振比为0.25～0.50,其平均值为0.35±0.07.      

佛山春季两次典型臭氧污染过程分析

近地层臭氧污染与气象条件密切相关,为了解珠三角地区春季臭氧（O₃）污染的气象成因,选取了2020年4月9日和28日佛山地区春季两次典型O₃污染过程进行对比分析.结果表明：（1）小风、低湿和高温是造成佛山春季O₃污染发生的气象成因.（2）两次过程各站点O₃峰值浓度大致出现在16:00—18:00,较年均统计偏晚1 h左右,最高气温明显低于夏、秋季;大多数站点日变化以单峰型为主,部分站点受局地风场和城市下风向传输影响呈现“倒U型”和“双峰型”.（3）垂直探测分析表明,4月9日O₃污染过程主要由局地反应生成,垂直方向下沉气流主导,污染主要积聚在1000 m以下的近地面层;28日受局地生成和垂直交换作用影响,O₃污染自下而上扩展,且早间残留层下传影响显著.（4）与长距离和高层输送相比,短途和低层传输对局地O₃污染发生的作用更为明显（输送频率可达60%以上）.春季佛山地区O₃污染的主要传输源为珠三角东部和南部地区,污染防控...