1949～1992年我国粮食单产的气候影响分析

１９４９～１９９２年我国粮食单产呈持续增长趋势,但年际间有明显的波动。这种波动除受政策因素影响外,主要受气候波动的影响,尤其是单产水平的剧降往往与气候灾害比较严重的年景对应。为此,本文着重分析了气候产量的时空变化特征。结果表明,东部地区单产水平虽然很高,同时波动幅度也很大,应以稳产为主,中、西部地区以增产为主。从全国来看,气候产量变化的一致性特征明显,５０年代和８０年代气候条件对粮食生产比较有利。但个别年份气候产量变化会呈现出南北或东西方向的地域分异特征。     

污染控制技术的清洁性及其LCA评估

运用LCA可对污染控制技术从“摇篮至坟墓”的生命周期角度考虑其清洁性 ,能确切地取得其生命周期内各阶段输入和输出的物料、能耗以及各种潜在环境影响的量化清单 ,并以此为基础进行环境影响评估和完善化分析。通过清洁性评估可有助于污染控制技术的创新、选择和决策 ,从而以最小的资源和环境代价去解决污染问题 ,满足我国可持续发展的战略要求     

昆明市经济增长与环境污染的计量模型研究

根据昆明市1995-2005年历年环境污染指标的统计数据和人均GDP统计数据，对人均GDP与环境污染（工业“三废”排放量）作相关分析，建立两者之间的计量模型，并在此基础上分析工业“三废”排放量与人均GDP增长的关系。经研究发现，昆明市目前仍处于工业发展期。工业废水排放量曲线和工业固体废弃物排放量随人均GDP的增长而呈下降趋势，曲线走势良好；随着经济的增长，工业废气排放量则呈上升趋势。     

基于生命周期的干电池回收及其循环经济模型

介绍了产品全生命周期和循环经济的概念，提出了产品的资源循环模型。对干电池全生命周期的生命过程及阶段进行了划分，并分析了于电池的材料组成，提出了可应用于实践的干电池回收循环利用模型，计算出3种类型回收材料各自所占比重，为我国干电池回收业提供了决策理论和实践指导。     

提高铝合金压铸模使用寿命的探讨

对影响铝合金压铸模使用寿命的诸多因素 ,如压铸件结构、形状、模具设计、模具材料及加工工艺、模具的正确使用和管理等方面进行了分析和总结 ,阐述了热处理方法对铝合金压铸模使用寿命的重要性 ,探索出了提高模具质量、延长模具使用寿命的途径。     

快速成形技术的优势及其前景展望

基于快速成形技术的基本原理,比较了传统加工制造过程与快速成形过程的差异;并就涉及产品生命周期的几个核心环节如设计、制造、销售和用户等分析了快速成形技术的优势,展示了快速成形技术的广泛应用前景。     

产品生命周期评价体系探讨

生命周期评价（ＬＣＡ）是一个相对罗新的概念，理论上生命周期评价具有将环境质量融入决策过程的特点，生命周期评价是对产品和过程相关的环境干扰进行定量分析和评估的方法，本文介绍了ＬＣＡ的要领和内容，探讨了ＬＣＡ的技术框架和实施方案，并着重介绍ＬＣＡ的核心－－影响分析的主人指标，提出了ＬＣＡ有待发展完善的方面。     

ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF STREAMS: DIVERSITY AND SAMPLE SIZE1

ABSTRACT: Brillouin's equation (H) for species diversity from information theory is to be preferred for the purposes of applied ecology over the equation of Shannon (H′) or the more commonly used approximate equation (H″). By its use, the difficult problem of delimiting the extent of the community being sampled in a stream survey can be avoided. Moreover, Brillouin's equation gives the exact diversity of the fully censused collection, whreas Shannon's diversity can only be approximated with a biased estimator. If we regard a sample as a message from the environment to the ecologist, Brillouin's equation is the proper one for computing its diversity. The product moment correlation coefficient between Brillouin's H for the total number of individuals from a group of samples and for randomly chosen subsets of 100 individuals from each sample was nearly as high as the correlation between H and H″ based on the total samples. This indicates that small sample sizes may give a useful diversity index. Replicated subsamples show that much smaller samples than are normally used can discriminate between communities from polluted and unpolluted environments. The use of smaller samples should reduce the cost of stream surveys.     

ACUTE RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF SEVERAL WASTEWATER DISINFECTANTS TO AQUATIC LIFE1

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to determine the comparative acute toxicity of chlorine, bromine chloride and ozone in wastewater, and to determine any acute toxicity associated with chlorinated wastewater which had been dechlorinated with sulfur dioxide. Toxicity tests were conducted with several species of cyprinids, salmonids and centrarchids, and the freshwater macroinvertebrate, Daphnia magna. Chlorinated effluent exhibited the greatest potential for residual toxicity of any disinfected stream tested. The reduced residual toxicity of chlorobrominated or ozonated effluent was largely the result of the more rapid dissipation of these disinfectants in wastewater. The acute residual toxicity of chlorinated effluent was eliminated by dechlorination with sulfur dioxide.     

产品生命周期评价在固体废弃物管理中的应用

产品生命周期评价应用到固体废弃物的管理 ,可以改变传统的管理方法 ,为固体废弃物管理从产品设计、生产到废弃、处置全过程 ,提供系统的全过程管理概念