可燃物表面积和厚度对建筑物内火灾载荷的影响

火灾载荷是判断建筑物室内火灾危险程度的依据，以前人们对火灾载荷的研究局限于只考虑可燃物的种类和量，并没有考虑到可燃物的形状、厚度和摆放位置对火灾载荷的影响。该文建立了简单的模型讨论了可燃物的表面积和厚度对火灾载荷的影响，并应用这种模型对三个典型的建筑房间进行了火灾载荷的研究，取得了较好的结果。     

Estrogenic effects of water from the Yangtze River （Nanjing section） on goldfish （Carassius auratus） after an early life stage exposure

Effects of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) on fish development, vitellogenin (VTG) induction, gonado-somatic index (GSI) and sex ratio were investigated by exposing goldfish (Carassius auratus) in the early life stage (from fertilization to 28 days post-hatch) to water samples (25%, 50% and 100%) collected from three representative sections. The results showed that there was no significant effect on hatching success for any of the exposure groups, but survival was significantly reduced when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Body lengths, weights of all treated fish did not differ significantly from those of the control. Condition factors (CF) of larval fish exposed to 50% and 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section were significantly lower than that of the control (P< 0.05). VTG inductions were significant in larval fish exposed to all the dilution series of river water. No significant difference in CF value was observed in any exposure group after 150 days of depuration. VTG was fully eliminated after 75 days of depuration. For both female and male, GSI did not significantly differ between exposure groups and the control after 150 days of convalescence. The highest female:male ratios were observed in response to the treatment with 50% or 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section (53:47, 56:44 and 54:46, respectively), but no significant difference in sex ratio was observed in any treated group when compared to the control. The results showed that early life stage exposure of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) had adverse effects on goldfish development and reproductive health, and the effects on CF and VTG were reversible after depuration in clean water.     

An investigation of roof runoff during rain events at the Royal Military College of Canada and potential discharge to Lake Ontario

The Royal Military College of Canada, located on the north eastern shore of Lake Ontario, possesses an abundance of copper roofs and lacks surface water treatment prior to discharge into Lake Ontario. Rainwater, roof runoff and soil samples were collected and analyzed for copper and other parameters. Copper was consistently detected in runoff samples with average concentrations of 3200 2100 g/L. Multivariable linear regression analysis for a dependant copper runoff concentration yielded an adjusted R2 value of 0.611, based on an independent variable model using minimum temperature, maximum temperature, total precipitation, and wind speed. Lake water samples taken in the vicinity of storm water outfalls draining areas with copper roofs ranged from 2.0 to 40 g/L copper. Such data exceed the 2.0 g/L Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life as outlined by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). Analysis of raw, filtered and digested forms suggested that the majority of copper present in runoff and lake water samples was in a dissolved form. The majority of soils taken in this study displayed copper concentrations below the 63 g/g CCME residential/parkland land use limits. These findings suggested that ion exchange processes between runoff water and soil do not occur to a sufficient extent to elevate copper levels in soil. It may therefore be concluded that the eventual fate of copper, which is not discharged via storm water outfalls, is lost to the water table and Lake Ontario through the sub-soil.     

城市生活污水偏振反射特性研究

人类正面临着水污染的严峻挑战,其中生活污水是水污染的一大来源。研究城市生活污水的液面偏振反射特性．对于水资源的监测与利用、环境生态保护都具有重大理论意义和应用前景。本文选取不同浓度的三个生活污水样本,应用二向反射光度计测了不同样本在2π空间的多角度偏振反射光谱数据,建立探测方位角、光线入射角、探测天顶角、偏振角、波段等方面对所测水体的偏振反射数据的关系,并进行了初步分析与研究.这为偏振遥感在水资源环境上的应用奠定了实验基础,并对生活污水的偏振光遥感进行了初步研究。     

导弹火工品贮存寿命的影响因素分析

以现役某型反舰弹火工品为研究对象,结合其贮存、使用、维护的特点,分析了可能影响贮存寿命的因素.对火工品定寿模式及方法进行了分析,对双因素试验法在火工品定寿方面的优势进行了综述,同时对其过程及模型进行了研究.利用双因素试验法,对某导弹2类火工品定寿的影响因素进行了分析.研究结果表明,温度是火工品贮存寿命最主要的影响因素.     

阿伦尼乌斯公式在弹箭贮存寿命评估中的应用

以某型号导弹舵机橡胶密封材料为例,阐述了弹箭贮存寿命定量评估的方法,分析了科学确定失效判据的重要性,介绍了自然环境试验和实验室加速老化试验在弹箭贮存寿命定量评估中的应用.重点论述了阿伦尼乌斯公式应用于弹箭贮存寿命定量评估的本质,详细说明了阿伦尼乌斯公式适用的反应及温度,强调了应用阿伦尼乌斯公式定量评估弹箭贮存寿命必须进...     

基于灰色神经网络的有机涂层寿命预测研究

暴露于大气腐蚀环境下的有机涂层使用寿命涉及因素繁多,难于精确预测.基于灰色理论和人工神经网络理论,建立了灰色神经网络模型对有机涂层腐蚀面积进行预测,进而预测其寿命.通过飞机结构模拟试验件加速腐蚀试验后的有机涂层寿命预测实例检验,发现灰色神经网络模型预测有机涂层寿命精度较高,结果理想.     

等维灰数递补动态模型在废水排放量预测中的应用研究

为了克服GM（1,1）预测模型的不足,提出了污染物排放量预测的等维灰数递补动态预测模型。考虑到用QB、C等语言编写程序比较繁杂,本文利用MATLAB软件编写了对应的计算程序,该程序简化了参数的求解过程并减少了程序量。通过对“十一五”期间安徽省工业和生活废水排放量预测的实际应用,验证了等维灰数递补动态预测模型在污染物排放量预测中应用的可行性。     

浅析啤酒全生命周期中的清洁生产机会

啤酒的全生命周期是指啤酒从原材料采购、储运,到啤酒生产过程的制麦、糖化、发酵、过滤、包装到生产出成品酒乃至到贮存、运输、进入市场的整个过程。本文从分析啤酒的全生命周期出发,找出周期中能耗高、物耗高、污染重的部位及环节,提出提高原材料和能源的利用率和产品质量、减少废弃物产生的技术经济环境可行的清洁生产方案,并简要分析方案实施的投资与效益,从而使啤酒生产企业达到“节能、降耗、减污、增效”的目的。     

不同控制指标下的大气PM_(10)浓度对人群的健康影响——以2006年珠江三角洲地区为例

根据珠江三角洲地区16个典型站点2006年监测的PM10浓度数据,以珠江三角洲地区人群2006年PM10暴露浓度作为基准,采用泊松回归模型和寿命表方法,评价PM10浓度对人群健康影响.该区2006年PM10年均浓度达到73μg/m3,若所有监测城市PM10浓度达到国家二级标准(100μg/m3),成人(≥30岁)可避免死亡人数为2300人,人群平均期望寿命延长0.13a.当PM10年均浓度达到WHO推荐过渡指标值(70,50,30μg/m3)及指导值(20μg/m3)后,成人可避免死亡人数分别为8700,19700,32600,38500人;人群平均期望寿命分别延长0.47,1.1,1.9,2.3a.