Hepatotoxic and haematological effects of Nigerian Bonny light crude oil in male albino rats

The effect of Bonny light crude oil was assessed in adult albino rats. The rats were administered with 200, 400, and 800?mg/kg of the crude oil orally for 7 days. Fluid intake was measured daily, and the initial and final animal body weight recorded. Oral crude oil at these doses produced no effect on feed and fluid intake between the test groups and the control group. There was a significant decrease in body weight compared to the control group after 7 days of treatment with the different doses of crude oil.

The toxic effects of the liver and hematological effects were assessed. The packed cell volume (PCV) and total white blood cell (WBC) of the 200?mg/kg group were significantly decreased compared to the respective control values. Administration of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of Bonny light crude oil, caused a significant dose-dependent increase in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels, but a significant decrease in the alkaline phosphatase (AP) level compared to the control. Histological examination indicates that crude oil induced severe pathologic changes in the forms of necrosis and oedema.     

Effects of UV-light on biochemical composition of silk gland of silkworm,Bombyx mori L. fed an artificial diet

The effects of UV-light on biochemical parameters of posterior silk gland of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. were investigated in two popular bivoltine hybrids, Jufang (Chinese) × Chenxin (Japanese) and Chenxin × Jufang fed an artificial diet. Larvae of the first day of fifth instar were used for the present investigation. The larvae were irradiated with 20 W of UV-light at the intensity of 40 cm above the larvae for one of three exposure times (30, 60 or 120 min) just before feeding. UV treatment produced no significant effects at 30 min. However, at 60 or 120 min there was a significant decrease in silk gland weight and the levels of total protein, free amino acids, RNA and carbohydrates. UV-light thus affects the biosynthetic activities of silk glands.     

利用侧光光纤优化生物反应器固定CO_2的研究

为了研究Chlorella sp.固定CO2的效果,降低能耗,采用自制生物光照反应器并选用侧光光纤作为光源。实验结果表明,在适宜条件下,通入浓度为10%CO2后,Chlorella sp.的生长明显加快。当选择红光和蓝光作为侧光光纤的光源交替运行,2 mm与3 mm光纤各28根耦合于16 W的光源发生器,较120 W LED外置光源而言,每瓦可提升6倍的生长速率。     

计算机图像处理技术在污水处理絮凝效果检测中的应用

采用图像处理技术,分析污水处理过程中投药量与絮凝图像的等效直径、分形维数和浓度特征参数之间的关系。考虑到投药自动控制的实际运行环境和实时性要求,采用Retinex算法解决光照不均现象,在图像处理主要环节上均采用小计算量算法。分析结果表明:在实际的自动控制中具有较好的实用性。     

Ag@AgCl催化剂的制备及可见光降解三聚氰胺

在超声波辅助作用下制备了Ag@AgCl可见光催化剂,采用紫外可见分光光度计、扫描电镜(SEM)对该催化剂进行了表征,该催化剂在可见光区有较强的吸收,粒径在微米级.以三聚氰胺为模型化合物测试其可见光催化性能.研究发现,该催化剂在可见光照下,不仅可以使三聚氰胺发生脱氨基反应,而且能使其环结构破坏,但却不能催化氰脲酸降解.通过除氧实验、空穴捕获、顺磁共振等实验测试,对其可能的催化降解机理进行了探讨.     

漂珠负载Ce掺杂Bi_2O_3光催化剂的制备及其处理含油废水性能

以漂珠为载体制备了Ce掺杂Bi_2O_3可见光响应催化剂。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM和DRS等表征手段对制备的催化剂进行了结构和形貌研究。以4#燃料油配制模拟含油废水,研究了催化剂在可见光作用下的光催化性能。表征结果显示:Ce掺杂Bi_2O_3成功负载到漂珠载体上,以四方相β-Bi_2O_3、α-Bi_2O_3和Ce O_2的形式存在;与空白Bi_2O_3相比,Ce掺杂Bi_2O_3固有的边带吸收波长拓展至544 nm。实验结果表明,在500℃条件下焙烧3 h制备的催化剂光催化效率最高,光照70 min时,油去除率可达88%。     

真空紫外光对含氧挥发性有机物的矿化效果

以醛类、醚类和酯类化合物作为目标污染物,考察了真空紫外光解法对含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）的矿化效果。实验结果表明,几种OVOCs在真空紫外光照射下都能达到90%以上的矿化率,且OVOCs的物质结构越简单,官能团的反应活性越强,越容易被矿化。直链结构比环状结构OVOCs的矿化效果更好,且分子链越短矿化速率越快;具有五元环结构的OVOCs比具有六元环结构的反应速率更快;官能团的键能越弱,反应活性越强,越容易被矿化。     

利用陶瓷工业废料制备再生陶瓷墙地砖

以废弃陶瓷抛光砖粉、陶瓷墙地砖烧成废料为原材料,硼砂作辅助熔剂制备再生陶瓷墙地砖,研究陶瓷抛光砖粉的高温烧结性能及其对再生墙地砖强度的影响,采用SEM测试分析陶瓷抛光砖粉对再生陶瓷制品微观结构的影响。结果表明:抛光砖粉含玻璃相、颗粒细小,有利坯体烧结密实;复掺少量抛光砖粉和硼砂,可提高制品强度。在硼砂掺量为0.5%,陶瓷抛光砖粉为2%、烧成废料为25%的实验条件下,所得再生陶瓷制品强度最高。该方法具有陶瓷工业废料的综合利用率高,制得的再生陶瓷制品强度高等特点。     

不同光环境下薇甘菊形态和生理可塑性及其响应研究

研究了华南地区外来入侵种薇甘菊Mikania micrantha H B Kunth不同光环境下形态和生理可塑性及其适应性响应。通过模拟开阔地段、林缘、大林窗、小林窗、林下等不同生境的的光照环境,并设计一个干扰实验,分析了薇甘菊的生长、碳同化以及生物量分配如何对光环境作出适应性响应。研究了当干扰发生时,薇甘菊如何对光环境的变化做出形态和生理可塑性响应。通过对其各项生物量分配及气体交换等指标的观测,在小林窗光照环境下薇甘菊生长缓慢生物量积累较少,但是如果一旦受到干扰,光照环境得到改善,薇甘菊将在很短的时间内通过适应性形态和生理可塑性响应,迅速体现出较强的入侵性。这也可能是入侵植物薇甘菊＂坐待对策（sit and wait strategy）＂的生动体现：如果外界环境不利,暂且先保持繁殖体（种子或者根茎）,一旦条件成熟（发生干扰条件得到改善或者遗传变异或者生态生理的积累）,就会迅速爆发。所以我们一方面,不用担心郁闭的森林会被薇甘菊入侵,但另一方面也要注意干扰会引起光照等环境条件的改变,使得原来潜伏于林下的薇甘菊繁殖体重新变得富有入侵性。     

Objective and subjective measurements of slipperiness in fast-food restaurants in the USA and their comparison with the previous results obtained in Taiwan

Floor slipperiness is a critical issue in slip and fall incidents which are a major source of occupational injuries. The objectives of the current study were to investigate if the protocols used in a field study conducted in Taiwan could be used in similar environments in the USA and whether consistent results could be obtained. Protocols used in the field study to investigate floor slipperiness in western-style fast-food restaurants in Taiwan included both objective and subjective measurements. Using the same methods as in Taiwan, friction was measured on tiles in six major working areas of 10 fast-food kitchens in the USA as an objective measurement of slipperiness, while the subjective measurement was employees’ ratings of floor slipperiness over the same areas. The Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients in the USA between the averaged friction coefficients and subjective ratings for all 60 evaluated areas across 10 restaurants were 0.33 (p = 0.01) and 0.36 (p = 0.005), respectively, which were lower than the correlations of 0.49 and 0.45, respectively, obtained in Taiwan. Cultural differences, the amount of water on the floors in the sink areas and the existence of a slip resistant shoe program in one country might be contributors to the lower correlation coefficients in the USA. However, the current study confirmed the results obtained in Taiwan that average friction coefficient and perception values are in fair agreement, suggesting that both might be reasonably good indicators of slipperiness.