湔江冲洪积扇地下水化学特征及控制因素分析

湔江冲洪积扇是成都平原龙门山前冲洪积扇群之一,为研究其地下水化学特征及控制因素,2018年5月现场采集30组地下水水样.利用描述性统计分析、Piper图解、Arc GIS空间分析和离子比例系数等方法,分析研究区地下水化学类型与离子空间分布特征,讨论控制地下水化学演化过程的主要因素与离子的主要来源.冲洪积扇东北部区域多为弱酸性水,占13. 33%,其余呈弱碱性;地下水化学类型有HCO_3·SO_4-Ca、HCO_3-Ca、HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg与HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Na,均为淡水;主要离子空间变异系数介于0. 22～0. 91,变异性均为中等变异;地下水化学演化过程主要受溶滤作用的控制,人类活动亦有一定的影响,蒸发浓缩、大气降雨以及阳离子交替吸附作用影响效果不甚明显.     

中小城市的光污染及防治对策

我国经济处于高速增长期,建设日新月异,中小城市的光污染问题日趋明显,防治显得十分重要。文章以中山市城区为例,对道路照明、建筑照明、广告照明、绿化照明,以及玻璃幕墙反射等光污染情况进行了调研和评价。根据中山市城区的光污染情况,从制定和完善光污染防治法规体系、加强规划和宏观管理、提高公众参与力度和监督力度、加大人才培养和政策扶持力度、加大清洁生产推广力度以及实施照明设计单位资质认证等多方面提出了对光污染的防治对策。     

Modeling Nutrient Export From Coastal California Watersheds

Nitrate and phosphate export coefficient models were developed for coastal watersheds along the Santa Barbara Channel in central California. One approach was based on measurements of nutrient fluxes in streams from specific land use classes and included a watershed response function that scaled export up or down depending on antecedent moisture conditions. The second approach for nutrient export coefficient modeling used anthropogenic nutrient loading for land use classes and atmospheric nutrient deposition to model export. In an application of the first approach to one watershed, the nitrate and phosphate models were within 20% of measured values for most storms. When applied to another year, both nitrate and phosphate models generally performed adequately with annual, storm‐flow, and base‐flow values within 20% of measured nutrient loadings. Less satisfactory results were found when applied to neighboring watersheds with difference percentages of land use and hydrologic conditions. Application of the second approach was less successful than the first approach.     

LAKE WATER COLOR: COMPARISON OF DIRECT OBSERVATIONS WITH UNDERWATER SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE1

ABSTRACT: The water color in 14 lakes of diverse optical character has been computed from near-surface upwelling irradiance spectra recorded by a submersible spectroradiometer. In these lakes the hues corresponding to irradiance spectra are in reasonable agreement with Munsell hue matches obtained directly by observation in the field. The simple field technique for hue matching using the Munsell standards was broadly validated by this spectroradiometric study. The technique is recommended for further study by limnologists and water resource managers as a potential additional tool for characterizing waters.     

The State of Protected Forest Communities in the European Forest–Steppe Zone of Russia and Prospects for Their Reconstruction: A Case Study of Specially Protected Areas of Penza Oblast

The structure of most forest communities in the European forest–steppe, including protected areas, has been disturbed. The adverse consequences of these disturbances include the incomplete age structure of the populations of cenosis-forming species and the irreversibility of successions. The conservation of biodiversity in the structurally disturbed communities is impossible without human intervention, which must be aimed at restoring their age heterogeneity with regard to their specific ecological features.     

Geographic Concentration in China''''s Manufacturing

This paper empirically examines variations and changes in manufacturing concentration and their determinants in China over the 1980-2003 period with a sample of 26 industries. The analysis indicates that average industrial concentration has increased during the 1990s. Studies show that scale economies and industry policies are important determinants for industries geographical concentration; factor endowments and the location of foreign direct investment are also found to have a positive effect on concentration.     

温度梯度测量数据的相关系数讨论

以温度梯度测量数据的相关系数计算为例,介绍了相关系数的计算方法和相关性分析的重要性。同时提出了环境试验与环境试验设备中,有时间滞后的测量数据的相关系数计算与相关性分析问题。     

吸声系数的先进现场测试技术发展概述

首先介绍了最常用的测试吸声系数的驻波管法与混响室法并阐述了两种方法优缺点。驻波管法测试的是法向吸声系数,混响室法得到的是各个入射方向的平均吸声系数,两种方法测试时均与实际安装情况存在一定差异,难以完成现场复杂环境下吸声系数的准确测试。而很多情况下,需要测试得到的是实际工作环境中的吸声系数,于是总结了传递函数法、PU矢量法、参量阵扬声器法、脉冲响应法、倒频谱法、最长序列数法以及减法技术等吸声系数的现场测试方法的原理与研究进展,分析了各测试方法的优缺点。     

广州市越秀区夜间光污染调查与防治对策研究

为了了解广州市“亮光工程”带来的光污染问题,针对人工白昼这一类光污染,在越秀区内的商业区、城市道路、公共空间、居住区4种类型环境各选取部分有代表性的区域进行照度测量,文章对照国内外标准并结合现场环境,对越秀区的光污染情况进行分析和研究,并就光污染防治提出几点建议。     

基于降雨和地形特征的输出系数模型改进及精度分析

降雨是非点源污染产生的主要驱动条件,地形是非点源污染输移的重要影响因素,两者均与非点源污染紧密相关。输出系数模型是大尺度流域非点源污染模拟的常用模型,从降雨和地形对非点源污染产生、迁移的影响出发,对现有输出系数模型进行了改进,并给出了改进模型中降雨影响因子和地形影响因子的确定方法,以提高模型在大尺度流域的模拟精度。最后,以长江上游1990和2000年TN负荷估算为例,分析了模型改进前后的精度变化。精度对比表明,通过模型改进,流域综合相对误差从4502%和4249%减小到2393%和1838%,直门达站、沱江大桥站和罗渡溪站控制流域的相对误差有明显减小。改进后的输出系数模型结构更合理,模拟更符合实际。