LOW DISCHARGE PERIODS OF RIVERS IN THE UPPER VISTULA RIVER BASIN,POLAND1

ABSTRACT: A method is presented for determining low discharge periods of rivers based on threshold values defined in terms of MEAN OF MINIMUM SUMMER (WINTER) DISCHARGES. The method is used to determine summer low flow periods in the Vistula River basin in Poland. Analysis is based on daily discharge data for 84 basins of the Upper Vistula River which was collected by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Economy.     

ISOLATING THE RANDOM RAMSTORM COMPONENT FROM BASIN RESPONSE FACTORS IN RAINFALLRUNOFF DATA1

ABSTRACT: Gaged watersheds can provide information as to geomorphic, and geologic influence on the spatial variability of rainfall-runoff relationships. However, correlations between raingages distributed throughout the basin, and stream discharge are influenced by both storm patterns and drainage basin characteristics. Factor analysis has been applied to rainfall-runoff relationship to isolate the storm pattern from a basin response factor. Comparing two periods of time separated by eight years reveals relative stability in the rainfall attenuation (basin response) factor, while storm patterns for the two periods of record are quite disparate.     

北京市机动车行驶工况研究

利用GPS对北京市乘用车、公交车和重型卡车进行实际道路工况数据采集,并进行了工况解析,提取了北京市典型行驶工况。结果表明,乘用车和公交车由于多运行于市区,车辆运行速度较低,怠速、加减速比例较高。重型卡车由于白天只能在五环外运行,匀速运行比例和平均速度均较高。与国外工况相比,北京市的轻重型车在平均速度、加速度和减速度、工况行驶比例均有比较大的偏差。     

轻型厂房的几种基础型式经济性比较

针对上部结构荷载不大，场地内回填土较厚且回填时间较长的某一轻型厂房，笔者选择人工挖孔桩，冲击式夯扩桩和换土垫层三种不同的基础施工方案进行比较，在保证强度、刚度、稳定性和严格控制基础沉降的前提下，从不同的角度作出工程技术经济分析，对类似工程具有一定的参考作用．     

紫外-Fenton试剂的作用机理及在废水处理中的应用

本文研究了紫外光、铁离子对过氧化氢的催化分解作用.证实了紫外光和铁离子对过氧化氢的催化分解存在协同效应,并通过研究三价铁离子与紫外光的相互作用,探讨了协同效应产生的机理.UV-Fenton试剂对硝基苯、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)模拟废水的处理结果表明:将紫外光引入Fenton试剂可大大提高Fen-ton试剂的氧化性能,对生物难降解或难化学氧化的有机污染物具有良好的处理效果.     

光散射颗粒物监测仪在环境空气监测中的适用性

为了研究光散射颗粒物监测仪在环境空气监测中的适应性,参照《环境空气颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)连续自动检测技术要求及检测方法》(HJ 653-2013),在北京秋季使用PQ200(滤膜采样器)对DustTrak8530、LD-6S、HBKLW-2共3种光散射仪器进行比对测试.结果表明,3种光散射仪器的平行性都达标;在监测PM10时,3种仪器与PQ200的线性相关系数都达标,斜率只有HBKLW-2达标,截距除HBKLW-2略微超标外都与标准相差较远;在监测PM2.5时,3种仪器与PQ200的线性相关系数都达标且优于PM10,斜率只有HBKLW-2和LD-6S达标,截距绝对值相比PM10有所减小,但只有HBKLW-2达标;经校正因子修正后,3种仪器与PQ200的线性回归斜率达标、相关系数不变、监测PM2.5的截距相比PM10更加接近标准值,故光散射仪器更加适用于环境空气PM2.5监测.     

对定标用标准紫外辐射光源性能指标的探讨

紫外辐射是模拟环境条件测试的重要组成部分,对紫外辐射强度、剂量等的定标对于老化耐久实验数据的准确性和可靠性具有重要意义。本文通过实验手段对目前常见的定标用紫外标准光源的技术指标进行分析,同时对该类光源的性能指标未来的改进方向进行探讨,并提出了改进设计方案。     

Defending the Wrist Deviation Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Screening: A Comparison of Vibration Thresholds and Distal Motor Latency

This research used distal motor latency (DML) and vibration thresholds (VT) to evaluate 84 hand activity and wrist deviation combinations to determine the best association with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Female volunteers, 2 healthy and 2 CTS diagnosed, were age matched and operated a keyboard for 4 hrs a day. Room temperature was 28°C(±2). Beginning DML and VT were taken with a relaxed neutral posture hand. The wrist was deviated in a randomly selected combination, and determinations were taken at 5-min intervals. The trial ended at 20 min or when discomfort was felt. The CTS conditions were discriminated by pain four times, DML once, and VT 14 times. Vibrometry was the most consistent CTS discriminator. The best VT results for wrist positions were obtained with wrist extension and extended extension, whereas the unclenched, clenched, and loaded power grip activities proved to be the most consistent hand activities.     

Validation of Methods for Determination of Metabolic Rate in the Edholm Scale and ISO 8996

The aim of this study was to validate the Edholm scale (Edholm, 1966) and the ISO 8996 standard (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1990) by comparing the metabolic rates estimated for both methods with the actual measured metabolic rate (M_Meas) in 6 manual material handling tasks simulated under laboratory conditions. The metabolic rate was calculated from oxygen consumption VO₂ (19 participants) according to Standard No. ISO 8996 (ISO, 1990). Additionally, the participants estimated perceived exertion using the Borg scale. The metabolic rates derived from the Edholm scale (M_Edh) overestimated 5 of 6 activities by 34-50% (α = .05). The metabolic rates derived from ISO 8996 (M_ISO) overestimated all activities by 7-38% (α =.05).     

有毒有害蒸气云扩散的危害估算

因事故排放形成的有毒有害蒸气云,有可能造成爆炸、火灾、中毒等危害后果,但危害后果的大小(危害程度),则与事故造成危害的时刻(延迟时间)有关。笔者在以往研究成果基础上,考虑该因素,并通过引入正态分布假设,时、空变换及误差分析,给出了估算危害程度(特别是延迟爆炸危害)的有效而简便方法,补充了以往危害估算方法(不考虑延迟时间)的不足,提高了危害后果估算精度,可广泛应用于生产安全评价、环境风险评价、风险工程设计、事故应急预案、事故应急救援等工作领域,对于保障环境安全具有显著的科学价值与现实意义。