微波消解石墨炉原子吸收法测定空气中的锑及其化合物研究

建立了用微孔滤膜采集空气样品,经硝酸-双氧水混合液微波消解,以硝酸镁溶液为基体改进剂,热解涂层石墨管,塞曼扣背景,石墨炉原子吸收法测定空气中锑的方法.方法线性范围为3.00～20.0μg/L,当采样体积为100 L,锑的最低检出质量浓度为0.000 5 mg/m3,加标回收率在93.0％ ～ 105.0％间,相对标准偏差均小于3％.该方法具有操作简便、快速、准确度高和用酸量少等优点,适用于空气中微量锑及其化合物的测定.     

大气挥发性有机化合物环境基准研究进展与展望

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)中的许多物种对人体具有危害性,同时,VOCs对大气环境产生着重要的影响。目前我国部分区域大气VOCs污染已经十分严重,控制大气VOCs污染对于改善环境空气质量,保护人体健康具有重要意义。国际上许多国家或国际组织制定了大气VOCs环境基准或者发布了大气VOCs环境基准指导值,这对于加强VOCs污染控制及环境管理可以起到重要作用。我国尚未制定大气VOCs环境基准,亟待开展系统的研究工作。在综述国际大气VOCs环境基准研究进展,介绍当前我国大气VOCs环境基准研究情况的基础上,分析了我国大气VOCs环境基准的研究需求,并对今后的系统研究提出了建议。     

Investigation on removal of p-nitrophenol using a hybridized photo-thermal activated persulfate process: Central composite design modeling

The aim of this work is the study of p-nitrophenol (PNP) removal, as a nitroaromatic compound, using a hybridized photo-thermally activated potassium persulfate (KPS) in a fully recycled batch reactor. Response surface method was used for modeling the process. Reaction temperature, KPS initial dosage and initial pH of the solution were selected as variables, besides PNP degradation efficiency was selected as the response. ANOVA analysis reveals that a second order polynomial model with F-value of 41.7, p-value of 0.0001 and regression coefficient of 0.95 is able to predict the response. Based on the model, the process optimum conditions were introduced as initial pH of 4.5, [KPS]₀ = 1452 mg/L and T = 66 °C. Also experiments showed that using thermolysis and photolysis of the persulfate simultaneously, the role of thermolysis is not considerable. A pseudo first order kinetic model was established to describe the degradation reaction. Operational cost, as a vital industrial criterion, was estimated so that the condition of initial pH of 4.5, [KPS]₀ = 1452 mg/L and T = 25 °C showed the highest cost effective case. Under the preferred mild condition, the process will reach to 84% and 89% of degradation and mineralization efficiencies, after 60 and 120 min, respectively.     

Enhanced catalytic complete oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane over mesoporous transition metal-doped γ-Al2O3

High-surface-area mesoprous powders of γ-Al₂O₃ doped with Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, and V³⁺ ions were prepared via a modified sol-gel method and were investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of chlorinated organic compounds. The composites retained high surface areas and pore volumes comparable with those of undoped γ-Al₂O₃ and the presence of the transition metal ions enhanced their surface acidic properties. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts in the oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) was studied in the temperature range of 250-400℃. The catalytic activity and product selectivity were strongly dependent on the presence and the type of dopant ion. While Cu²⁺- and Cr³⁺-containing catalysts showed 100% conversion at 300℃ and 350℃, V³⁺-containing catalyst showed considerably lower conversion. Furthermore, while the major products of the reactions over γ-alumina were vinyl chloride (C₂H₃Cl) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) at all temperatures, Cu- and Cr-doped catalysts showed significantly stronger capability for deep oxidation to CO₂.     

Adsorption of benzene,cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound (VOC) disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

机动车尾气排放VOCs研究进展

机动车尾气排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)严重危害着人类的健康和大气环境,备受人们关注。本综述对机动车尾气排放VOCs的采样和分析等监测技术研究进展进行了综合和概括;对国内外机动车尾气排放VOCs的研究进行了分类和归纳。对国内研究存在的问题进行了总结,并对未来相关研究进行了展望。目前,国内机动车排放VOCs源成分谱、采样分析方法,以及其排放特征都需要进一步深入研究。     

饮用水源水中致嗅物质去除技术研究进展

土臭素和2-甲基异莰醇是饮用水中存在的主要致嗅味物质,活性炭吸附是目前研究最多、应用最广泛的嗅味物质去除技术,文章重点介绍了影响活性炭吸附的各种因素,对化学氧化法和生物降解法去除嗅味物质的研究进展进行了简述。     

烘房VOCs废气治理技术路线探析

以集装箱涂装生产线烘房VOCs废气治理为例,分别采用蓄热式热力焚烧（RTO）-热能回用工艺与活性炭吸附-蒸汽脱附-冷凝再生工艺,通过工程应用中采集的各项运行数据,对2种工艺在集装箱烘房VOCs废气处理中的特点进行了分析和探讨.结果表明,2种工艺均能实现废气回收利用的目的;相对活性炭吸附-蒸汽脱附-冷凝再生工艺,RTO-热能回用工艺具有更好的经济效益和环境效益.     

氧化锰八面体分子筛的合成及其对苯催化氧化性能

采用回流的方法,制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛（OMS-2）纳米棒.利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、氮气吸附-脱附、程序升温还原（H2-TPR）分别对产物进行晶型、形貌、孔径和H2还原性能进行分析,并考察不同煅烧温度下的催化剂对苯的催化氧化性能及300℃煅烧催化剂的稳定性.结果表明,煅烧温度对氧化锰八面体分子筛（OMS-2）的表面特征有显著的影响,煅烧温度越高,比表面积和孔容越小,平均孔径越大.同时随着煅烧温度的增加,催化剂对苯的催化氧化性能降低.经300℃煅烧的催化剂对苯的催化活性最佳,反应温度为200℃时,苯的转化率达到了50%;当反应温度为250℃时,苯的转化率达到90%.经300℃煅烧的催化剂在260℃下70 h内,对苯的催化氧化性能降低了5%,具有良好的稳定性.     

城市污水处理厂挥发性卤代有机物的排放特征及影响因素研究

建立液氮浓缩采样/热解析脱附/GC/MS联用分析方法,测量了广州猎德污水处理厂6个不同处理单元及2个周边环境点中挥发性卤代有机物的组分及含量水平,研究了其排放特征及影响因素.结果表明,8个采样点共检测出19种挥发性卤代有机物,包括11种卤代烷烃、3种卤代烯烃及3种卤代芳香烃、2种卤代酸酯等,平均检出浓度范围为n.d.～33.39μg·m-3,总浓度均值范围为34.91～127.74μg·m-3·CH2Cl2、CHCl3、CFC-12、C2H4Cl2、CFC-11、C2HCl3、C2Cl4是污水处理厂主要的挥发性卤代有机物,它们主要由污水中相应物质挥发而来.脱水机房挥发性卤代有机物浓度最高,提升泵房次之,污泥浓缩池最低;研究还发现,提升泵房、曝气池及生化池的挥发性卤代有机物排放过程中受温度、湿度因素影响明显.