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951.
Semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in sediments and risk assessment in Huaihe River of China 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in sediments from Jiangsu reach of Huaihe River, China, were presented. The organic compounds were extracted by acetone: n-hexane using a Soxhlet apparatus and concentrations were performed using HP6890 gas chromatography coupled by FID and ECD detector. The total contents of 8 heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry or cold-vapor/atomic absorption spectrometry were developed. 30 semivolatile organic compounds were detected, including substituted benzenes, phenols, phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, from 0.01 to 3.01 mg/kg. 16 organochlorine pesticides were almost detected and from 0.010 to 2.339 μg/kg. Concentrations of major metals were 50 mg/kg or less, mean level of mercury was only 0.055 mg/kg. Compared to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), concentrations of some semivolatilc organic compounds were high enough to cause possible toxic effects to living resources. The organochlorine pesticides presented relatively low, lower than threshold effect concentrations (TECs), harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms were not expected. Chromium posed probable toxic effects to the living resources, other heavy metals had no threat temporarily according to SQGs. 相似文献
952.
A Study of Sorptive Loss Patterns for Reduced Sulfur Compounds in the Use of the Bag Sampling Method
Kim KH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,123(1-3):259-269
In this work, the basic properties of the bag sampling method were examined and characterized in terms of recovery rate with respect to four reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) including H2S, CH3SH, DMS, and DMDS. For this comparative study, two types of calibration approaches were performed to evaluate the relative RSC loss due to bag sampling. As a reference calibration tool, a syringe dilution (SD) method was applied. The working standards prepared by diluting the primary standard in a gas-tight syringe (as a mixing chamber) were injected to the GC/PFPD through a loop-injection system to yield a background calibration information. In contrast, the target calibration was performed based on a bag dilution (BD) method. To this end, working standards for multiple calibration points were prepared by two different bag types (Tedlar bag (TB) and polyester bag (PB)). These standards were then drawn by the same syringe and injected into the GC/PFPD via loop. On the basis of these comparative analyses, both absolute and relative differences in RSC recovery rates (RR) were evaluated (e.g., comparison of wall-loss effect). The results indicate that TB has a mean RR of 87% for the four RSC with their values ranging from 82 (CH3SH) to 91% (DMDS). On the other hand, the results of PB generally exhibited slightly reduced RR with their mean values of 77% (range: 73% of H2S to 83% of DMS). The results of this study generally suggest that the losses of RSC samples, while inevitable with the bag sampling method, exhibit certain patterns between different RSCs and between different grab sampling materials. 相似文献
953.
McMaster ME Evans MS Alaee M Muir DC Hewitt LM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,113(1-3):143-165
In response to a number of recommendations following the Northern Rivers Basin Studies (NRBS) contaminant program, the Northern Rivers Ecosystem Initiative (NREI) focused considerable attention on assessing contaminants from specific sources including pulp mill effluents, atmospheric transport of mercury and the Alberta oil sands operations. NRBS identified a number of major contaminants of concern including polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins and furans, mercury and various hydrocarbons. Together, the NRBS and the NREI studies have demonstrated major declines in the levels of dioxins and furans over the last decade as pulp and paper mills have changed their process and treatment strategies in response to new Federal regulations. Polychlorinated biphenyls however, continue to be a concern for the region as their levels have not declined in fish and sediments over the course of these studies. Higher levels in sediments downstream of Grande Prairie and Hinton were identified, but the source of these contaminants remains unknown. Chlorinated pesticides were also investigated, and although toxaphene, DDT and other chlorinated organic pesticides were detected in fish tissue, they were present at very low levels. Studies on the oil sands industry in northern Alberta demonstrated limited impacts on the Athabasca River to date, although studies did identify slight to moderate impacts of natural oil seeps on fish and benthic communities in tributary streams. NREI studies also identified endocrine active compounds in the three pulp and paper mill effluents tested, but endocrine disruptive effects in wild fish were minimal. Municipal sewage effluents also contain endocrine active compounds and it is recommended that monitoring continue around these point sources. 相似文献
954.
Kim KH Choi YJ Oh SI Sa JH Jeon EC Koo YS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,121(1-3):341-352
In order to explore the environmental behavior of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) as malodorous components emitted from diverse source processes, the distribution characteristics of four sulfur (S) compounds - hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS: (CH3)2S), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS: (CH3)2S2) – were investigated in a municipal landfill area. In the course of this study, their ambient concentration levels were measured during two time periods from 13 individual spots selected as a function of distance from the center of the landfill site. The results generally indicated the absolute dominance of H2S over the other S compounds investigated (up to 5 km radius) such that their mean values were found as 1415 (H2S), 148 (DMS), 20.6 (CH3SH), and 14.4 ppt (DMDS). When our data were compared in terms of either varying distance from the source or relationship with meteorological conditions, the H2S data sets were most evident to reflect the potential effects of strong source processes in the landfill environment, relative to other S gases (or to volatile organic compounds measured concurrently). The results of this study further indicated the relatively good correspondence between the measured H2S concentration level and humans' intuitive sensory of odor and nuisance. 相似文献
955.
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment for Organic Compounds: Fuzzy Multicriteria Approach for Mexico City 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mazari-Hiriart M Cruz-Bello G Bojórquez-Tapia LA Juárez-Marusich L Alcantar-López G Marín LE Soto-Galera E 《Environmental management》2006,37(3):410-421
This study was based on a groundwater vulnerability assessment approach implemented for the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
(MCMA). The approach is based on a fuzzy multicriteria procedure integrated in a geographic information system. The approach
combined the potential contaminant sources with the permeability of geological materials. Initially, contaminant sources were
ranked by experts through the Analytic Hierarchy Process. An aggregated contaminant sources map layer was obtained through
the simple additive weighting method, using a scalar multiplication of criteria weights and binary maps showing the location
of each source. A permeability map layer was obtained through the reclassification of a geology map using the respective hydraulic
conductivity values, followed by a linear normalization of these values against a compatible scale. A fuzzy logic procedure
was then applied to transform and combine the two map layers, resulting in a groundwater vulnerability map layer of five classes:
very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Results provided a more coherent assessment of the policy-making priorities
considered when discussing the vulnerability of groundwater to organic compounds. The very high and high vulnerability areas
covered a relatively small area (71 km2 or 1.5% of the total study area), allowing the identification of the more critical locations. The advantage of a fuzzy logic
procedure is that it enables the best possible use to be made of the information available regarding groundwater vulnerability
in the MCMA. 相似文献
956.
北京市大气和降雨中醛酮化合物的污染研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
2005年6月到2005年8月在北京市区采用2,4-二硝基苯肼HPLC法测定了大气和降水中的醛酮类化合物.结果表明,大气醛酮类化合物中以丙酮的浓度最高,其次是甲醛、乙醛和丙醛,浓度分别是22.14、19.51、17.18、3.85μg·m-3,这4种化合物占大气醛酮总量的84.7%.分析大气中醛酮化合物浓度,结果表明,北京醛酮化合物污染主要来自人为源,并且甲醛、乙醛和丙醛具有相似的源和汇.通过对比晴朗和多云天气条件对醛酮浓度日变化的影响可知,夏季光化学反应是大气中醛酮的重要源.夏季降雨对大气中醛酮化合物浓度影响明显,降雨前后大气中醛酮污染物浓度日变化的对比研究说明,湿沉降是大气中醛酮污染物的重要汇.同时检测出雨水中含11种醛酮化合物,其中甲醛浓度最高为166.3μg·L-1,乙醛浓度为43.63μg·L-1,丙酮浓度为34.33μg·L-1. 相似文献
957.
958.
以新月藻为受试生物,研究了阿特拉津、马拉硫磷、草甘膦、甲苯4种有机化合物和HgCl2、NaAsO2、K2Cr2O7 3种金属化合物对新月藻的毒性效应,探讨了新月藻对这些化合物的敏感度差异与特点及其机理,为这些物质的藻类急性毒性提供基础数据。结果表明,新月藻对阿特拉津、草甘膦、HgCl2、NaAsO2、K2Cr2O7敏感度较高,而且响应大小与化合物浓度呈正相关趋势,对马拉硫磷和甲苯有一定响应,但随浓度变化趋势不明显;基于藻类光合作用的急性毒性检测方法,适用于检测可阻碍或抑制藻类光合作用中电子迁移、氧化还原、自由基等反应的毒物。 相似文献
959.
孙睿华 《环境监测管理与技术》2014,26(5):43-45
采用动态顶空气相色谱FID法测定水中乙醛、丙酮、甲醇、丙烯醛、丙烯腈、乙腈、吡啶等7种极性水溶性有机物,通过优化动态顶空条件,使该方法在0.157mg/L~7.92mg!L之间线性良好。方法检出限在0.008mg/L~0.048mg/L之间,空白水样的加标回收率为103%~111%,RSD为5.4%~8.7%。用该方法测定某制药企业排口污水和地表水,只有污水中甲醇、乙腈、吡啶有响应值。 相似文献
960.