鲁班水库水体营养状态

四川三台鲁班水库属于大型湖库,多年来除具有特色景观作为旅游景点外,主要用于发展水产养殖业。随着时间的延续,养殖规模的不断扩大,湖库的自净能力越来越差,使有机物污染不断加重,水质越来越差,出现富营养化现象,对水环境造成了不利影响。近年来,为了改变湖库水环境质量,调整转化湖库功能,恢复水环境质量,加强了对其水质的监测,其中的营养状态指标是湖库水环境质量的主要评价指标。评价结果,除秋季和冬季个别月份外,其余各月均有测点达到轻度富营养化及中度富营养化。     

膜曝气生物膜反应器生物膜影响因素分析

膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）是一种利用透气膜进行曝气,可以实现同步硝化反硝化的污水生物处理新工艺。本文阐述了膜曝气生物反应器生物膜的原理和特点,总结了国内外在该领域的研究成果,重点介绍了C／N、氧气压力、流速、生物膜厚度、温度和pH对生物膜性能的影响。     

流动注射法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的探讨

本文采用流动注射分析技术在线测定水中阴离子表面活性剂,使用的仪器为德国BRAN＋LUEBBE公司自动分析仪。方法在0.050～0.400mg/L范围内,可以获得较好的线性方程,相关系数〉0.9990,检出限为0.015mg/L,水样的回收率在92%～109%,此方法符合水质测定阴离子表面活性剂的要求。并对影响阴离子表面活性剂测定的因素进行探讨。     

唐山排污权交易模式浅析

对开展排污权交易的目的、意义、关键因素进行了分析,对唐山排污权交易的工作进程以及交易指标、交易主体、交易程序、指导价格、申购数量、交易范围、优先及限制条件等模式特点进行了阐述,以期为同类型城市开展排污权交易提供参考。     

大学生英语口语交流障碍的心理因素及克服办法

目前大学生的英语口语表达能力总体很差,在口语交流上也出现各种障碍,其原因除学生英语学习能力较差以外,态度问题、动机偏差、缺乏自信、不耐挫折、缺乏热情、过于紧张、性格内向等心理因素也起着关键的作用。对于大学生英语口语交流存在的障碍,可以通过激发兴趣、心理暗示、教师鼓励、减少心理压力、结交外国朋友等有效方法,指导学生进行口语训练,提高学生口语水平。     

Molecular and physiological characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in relation to uropathogenicity among Escherichia coli isolates isolated from Wenyu River, China

Increasing antibacterial resistance and pathogenicity in the environment is of growing concern due to its potential human risk. In the present study, 236 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from Wenyu River in China on drugless (48 isolates) and quinolone-containing plates (189 isolates). Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined ranging from 0.125 μg mL⁻¹ to 128 μg mL⁻¹. Mutation points related to fluoroquinolone resistance were observed at S83 to L and D87 to N or Y in the GyrA subunit and S80 to R or I and E84 to G in the ParC subunit. Generally, MICs of LEV and GAT are dependent on the patterns of these mutation points. The profile with three mutation points was related to LEV-resistant E. coli isolates, and the (S83L, D87N + S80I) mutation profile was most prevalent (65.7%) in LEV-resistant isolates, while a large proportion of isolates, even those with three mutation points, were susceptive to GAT. The incidence of virulence factors in LEV-resistant isolates (44.7%, 59/132) was much higher than in nonresistant isolates (23.1%, 24/104) (χ² = 11.925, 1° of freedom, p < 0.001) indicating that fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli would pose a potential risk. A similar distribution was also found in isolates resistant to GAT (χ² = 7.843, 1° of freedom, p = 0.0079).     

Identification of relevant micropollutants in Austrian municipal wastewater and their behaviour during wastewater treatment

The European Union has defined environmental quality standards (EQSs) for surface waters for priority substances and several other pollutants. Furthermore national EQSs for several chemicals are valid in Austria. The study investigated the occurrence of these compounds in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. In a first screening of 15 WWTPs relevant substances were identified, which subsequently were monitored in 9 WWTPs over 1 year (every 2 months). Out of 77 substances or groups of substances (including more than 90 substances) 13 were identified as potentially relevant in respect to water pollution and subjected to the monitoring, whereas most other compounds were detected in concentrations far below the respective EQS for surface waters and therefore not further considered. The preselected 13 compounds for monitoring were cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), diuron, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), di(ethyl-hydroxyl)phthalate (DEHP), tributyltin compounds (TBT), nonylphenoles (NP), adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) and the complexing agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as well as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). In the effluents of WWTPs the concentrations of the priority substances Cd, NP, TBT and diuron frequently exceeded the respective EQS, whereas the concentrations for DEHP and Ni were below the respective EQS. The effluent concentrations for AOX, EDTA, NTA, Cu, Se and Zn frequently are in the range or above the Austrian EQS for surface waters. Besides diuron and EDTA all compounds are removed at least partially during wastewater treatment and for most substances the removal via the excess sludge is the major removal pathway. For the 13 compounds which were monitored in WWTP effluents population equivalent specific discharges were calculated. Since for many compounds no or only few information is available, these population equivalent specific discharges can be used to assess emissions from municipal WWTPs to surface waters as well as to make a first assessment of the impact of a discharge on surface waters chemical status. Comparing discharges and river pollution on a load basis, the influence of diffuse sources becomes obvious and therefore should also be taken into consideration in river management.     

磷酸铵镁沉淀法预处理垃圾渗滤液

探讨了用磷酸铵镁沉淀法预处理垃圾渗滤液时,沉淀剂种类、pH值、物质摩尔配比和反应时间等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响。得出了处理氨氮浓度为2 677.34 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液时,在兼顾所用镁盐量尽量低和处理出水氨氮或磷酸盐的残留量都比较低的较佳实验条件为:沉淀剂种类为:MgSO4.7H2O和Na2HPO4.12H2O,反应时间为20 min,pH=9.5,n(Mg)∶n(P)∶n(N)=1.3∶1.15∶1.0。在较佳实验条件下,垃圾渗滤液的NH3-N去除率为97.05%,处理出水PO34--P含量为8.35 mg/L,NH3-N含量为75.86 mg/L。对所得沉淀物进行了成分分析和X-衍射光谱、扫描电镜表征,表明大部分沉淀物为磷酸铵镁物质。     

上海市近年来大气环境质量变化趋势分析

为了解上海市大气环境的状况,为进一步制定改善上海市大气环境质量的具体措施提出相关的参考建议,本文在查阅大量文献资料基础上,总结了上海市自2000年至2007年共8年大气环境质量现状分析,统计分析了主要污染物的变化特征,通过对相关环保措施、政府政策等方面资料的引用和分析,讨论了上海市大气环境质量变化的影响因素。分析结果表明:上海市连续三轮的"环保三年行动计划"的实施使上海市大气环境质量逐渐好转,大气污染情况逐步减轻,但由于产业结构调整带来的大气环境压力以及社会快速发展的压力,使得上海市治理大气环境污染的任务仍然艰巨。酸雨已经成为上海市大气环境的突出重要问题。     

小型燃油锅炉NOx的排放特征与管理控制

以68台燃油锅炉（≤10～MW）NOx排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了NOx的排放特征;通过对比分析,探讨了我国燃油锅炉NOx排放控制与管理现状,讨论了进一步加强我国燃油锅炉NOx排放管理控制的可能性与可行性,并提出了相应的管理控制建议。结果表明,NOx平均排放浓度为318．2mg／m^3,基于燃料消耗量的平均排放因子为4．4kg／t,基于燃料发热量的平均排放因子为102．8ng／J,基于燃料氮含量的平均排放因子为2．1mg／mg;建议采取分阶段控制的方式,逐步提高NOx排放限制,从而实现控源减排目标。