全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12145篇 |
免费 | 1401篇 |
国内免费 | 6151篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 2135篇 |
废物处理 | 368篇 |
环保管理 | 1542篇 |
综合类 | 10000篇 |
基础理论 | 2150篇 |
环境理论 | 21篇 |
污染及防治 | 1932篇 |
评价与监测 | 494篇 |
社会与环境 | 757篇 |
灾害及防治 | 298篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 73篇 |
2023年 | 563篇 |
2022年 | 708篇 |
2021年 | 740篇 |
2020年 | 800篇 |
2019年 | 778篇 |
2018年 | 672篇 |
2017年 | 741篇 |
2016年 | 837篇 |
2015年 | 847篇 |
2014年 | 674篇 |
2013年 | 1263篇 |
2012年 | 1211篇 |
2011年 | 1328篇 |
2010年 | 874篇 |
2009年 | 986篇 |
2008年 | 794篇 |
2007年 | 962篇 |
2006年 | 907篇 |
2005年 | 663篇 |
2004年 | 552篇 |
2003年 | 457篇 |
2002年 | 352篇 |
2001年 | 317篇 |
2000年 | 281篇 |
1999年 | 222篇 |
1998年 | 160篇 |
1997年 | 152篇 |
1996年 | 121篇 |
1995年 | 117篇 |
1994年 | 98篇 |
1993年 | 83篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 30篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1972年 | 10篇 |
1971年 | 37篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Bunge Michael Khknen Mika A. Rmisch Winfried Opel Matthias Vogler Susanne Walkow Fred Salkinoja-Salonen Mirja Lechner Ute 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):3-10
Background, Aims and Scope Sediments of the Spittelwasser creek are highly polluted with organic compounds and heavy metals due to the discharge of untreated
waste waters from the industrial region of Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany over the course of more than one century. However, relatively
few data have been published about the chloroorganic contamination of the sediment. This paper reports on the content of different
(chloro)organic compounds with special emphasis on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), and chlorobenzenes. Existing concepts for the remediation of Spittelwasser sediment include
the investigation of natural attenuation processes, which largely depend on the presence of an intact microbial food web.
In order to gain more insight in terms of biological activity, we analyzed the capacity of sediment microflora to degrade
organic matter by measuring the activities of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon,
nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Furthermore, the detection of physiologically active bacteria in the sediment, particularly
of those known for their capability to reductively dehalogenate organochlorine compounds, illustrates the potential for intrinsic
bioremediation processes.
Methods PCDD/F and chlorobenzenes were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC)/mass spectrometry and GC/flame ionization detection, respectively.
The activities of hydrolytic enzymes were determined from freshly sampled sediment layers using 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF)
or 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-conjugated model compounds and kinetic fluorescence measurements. Physiologically active bacteria
from different sediment layers were microscopically visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Specific bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing.
Results and Discussion The PCDD/F congener profile was dominated by dibenzofurans. In addition, the presence of specific tetra and pentachlorinated
dibenzofurans supported the assumption that extensive magnesium production was one possible source for the high contamination.
A range of other chloroorganic compounds, including several isomers of chlorobenzenes, hexachlorocyclohexane and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis
(p-chloro-phenyl)ethane (DDT), was present in the sediment. Activities of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes showed a strong
decrease in those sediment layers that were characterized by high contents of absorbable organic halogen (AOX), indicating
disturbed organic matter decay. Interestingly, an abnormal increase of cellulolytic enzyme activities below the organochlorine-rich
layers was observed, possibly caused by residual cellulose from discharges of sulfite pulping wastes. FISH revealed physiologically
active bacteria in most sediment layers from the surface down to the depth of about 60 cm, including members of Desulfitobacterium (D.) and Sulfurospirillum. The presence of D. dehalogenans was confirmed by its partial 16S rRNA gene sequence.
Conclusions Results of chemical sediment analyses demonstrated high loads of organochlorine compounds, particularly of PCDD/F. Several
years after stopping the waste water discharge to Spittelwasser creek, this sediment remains a main source for pollution of
the downstream river system by way of the ongoing mobilization of sediment during high floods. As indicated by our enzyme
activity measurements, the decomposition potential for organic matter is low in organochlorine-rich sediment layers. In contrast,
the comparably higher enzyme activities in less organochlorine-polluted sediment layers as well as the presence of physiologically
active bacteria suggest a considerable potential for natural attenuation.
Recommendations and Perspectives From our data we strongly recommend to explore the degradative capacity of sediment microorganisms and the limits for in situ activity towards specific sediment pollutants in more detail. This will give a sound basis for the integration of bioremediation
approaches into general concepts to reduce the risk that permanently radiates from this highly contaminated sediment.
Submission Editor: Dr. Henner Hollert (Henner.Hollert@urz.uniheidelberg.de) 相似文献
12.
Ricardo Braun 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2007,9(4):387-411
The implementation of sustainable development may seem a simple concept when written on paper. However to carry-out long term
actions put forward by the Agenda 21 (AG21) at the local level represents one of the main challenges as municipal governments
in general do not have the capacity to effectively implement the process.
Regional environmental assessment (REA) has shown to be effective in supporting decision-making not only to correct environmental
problems due to past unsustainable social-economic developments but also help local governments to implement sustainable actions.
However this requires long-term investments of AG21 plans and projects. The allocation of regular and consistent financial
resources is one of the main ingredients for the sustainable development process. But traditional plans and projects financed
by national and/or international funds may not be sustainable in the long-term because they become dependent on external funding.
Research demonstrate that innovative economic instruments such as ecotaxes represent a feasible alternative to sponsor local
sustainability because taxes are collected permanently by the government and could be invested in continuous actions. Ecotaxes
experiences have provided important reference to structure a municipal incentive model (MIM) to sponsor AG21’s environmental
plans and projects on a long-term (permanent) basis.
However sustainable development cannot be solely through economic investments. A comprehensive municipal environmental management
scheme (MEMS) has been established to support the incentive model. The scheme seeks not only to improve local institutional
framework but also incentive continuous participation of local stakeholders at all levels of society. Participatory events
and the provision of incentives (educational and financial) are key to motivate society to protect the environment and support
actively the sustainable development process as emphasised in the RIO-92 Conference. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
中国经济的“阿基米德支点” 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
原华荣 《中国人口.资源与环境》1995,5(1):27-32
资源是经济发展的“阿基米德支点”:世界十大经济国每年能源的生产占全球的62.1%,消费为71.0%。重要矿产资源的生产多排在世界前10名生产国之,外面是消费则多排在10名之内,且对这些矿产资源的消费量多在95%以上。 相似文献
16.
基于不同废污泥源的短程反硝化快速启动及稳定性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探究不同废污泥源快速启动短程反硝化和实现稳定NO_2~--N积累的可行性,在3个完全相同的SBR反应器(S1、S2和S3)分别接种:实验室城市污水反硝化除磷系统排泥、城市污水厂剩余污泥及河涌底泥,比较其短程反硝化启动快慢和NO_2~--N积累特性,考察系统短程反硝化活性和NO_3~--N→NO_2~--N转化性能,并从微生物学角度分析反应器功能菌群特征.结果表明,在乙酸钠为唯一碳源、高碱度和适宜COD/NO_3~--N比进水条件下,3个SBR短程反硝化反应器在短时间内均能够成功启动,系统平均NO_3~--N→NO_2~--N转化率为S1 S2 S3(75. 92% 73. 36% 69. 90%).同时发现持续低温条件下S1和S2呈现不同程度的短程反硝化性能恶化趋势,但S3能够稳定维持良好NO_2~--N积累性能.微生物高通量测序表明,变形菌门和拟杆菌门居PD系统主导地位,3个短程反硝化反应器NO_2~--N积累关键功能菌属Thauera属丰度差异明显:S3 S1 S2(25. 09% 4. 71% 3. 60%),表明S3具备稳定高效的NO_2~--N积累性能,同时高丰度Thauera属可能是维持低温短程反硝化活性的重要原因. 相似文献
17.
氨基改性生物炭负载纳米零价铁去除水中Cr(VI) 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为功能单体,玉米秸秆生物炭为载体,制备了氨基改性生物炭负载型纳米零价铁(nZVI@PEI-HBC),并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对材料进行了表征,分析了溶液pH、温度、材料投加量等因素对其去除Cr(VI)的影响及其去除机理.结果表明:在投加量为0.5 g·L-1,温度为20℃,pH值为5,Cr(VI)初始浓度为20 mg·L-1条件下,各材料对Cr(VI)的去除率大小为nZVI@PEI-HBC > nZVI > PEI-HBC > HBC.SEM显示nZVI颗粒较均匀地分散在生物炭表面,FTIR分析表明PEI改性后材料表面增加了氨基等重金属配位基团,这可能是nZVI@PEI-HBC去除Cr(VI)效果更好的原因.影响因素研究表明,材料具有较好稳定性,老化28 d后其Cr(VI)去除性能变化不大;酸性环境、升温、增大材料投加量均有利于nZVI@PEI-HBC对Cr(VI)的去除.机理研究发现,水中溶解氧加速了nZVI的腐蚀和Fe(II)的释放,促进Cr(VI)还原为Cr(III),然后通过共沉淀作用和氨基等基团的吸附作用被去除. 相似文献
18.
焦化废水处理过程中产生的焦油、污泥和结晶杂盐等固相物质,既有资源属性,又有污染特性,但目前缺乏基于能源、经济及环境影响方面的评估.本研究阐述了3类固相物质的形成机制,建立了质量当量计算及处置方法评价模型.以宝武集团韶关钢铁股份有限公司焦化厂(二期)焦化废水处理工程的A/O/H/O(厌氧/好氧/水解/好氧)流化床工艺作为考察对象,利用工程运行参数和水质统计数据进行固相物质的产量推算,结果发现,焦油、物化污泥、生物污泥(含水率为80%)和工业杂盐的产率分别为0.186、5.80、4.24和1.97 kg·m-3.通过处置方法评价模型明确了焦油焚烧、污泥热解、结晶杂盐分盐提纯后工业应用是最佳处置方案,在60 m3·h-1废水处理规模的固相物质处置过程中,每年约产生1177 MWh的能源,获得135.0万元的经济效益,排放627.0 t CO2,表明能源回收、经济效益和环境影响的协同存在. 相似文献
19.
临沂市区主要大气污染物的污染特征及其对居民健康的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大气污染是全球性的公共环境健康问题.本研究基于临沂市区2015年6种大气污染物(PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、O3)的逐日监测数据,分析了污染物的污染特征及其与气象因子的相关性,通过构建广义相加模型,模拟分析了单个污染物与居民呼吸、循环系统疾病门诊人次的暴露-反应关系.结果表明,PM2.5和PM10是临沂市区首要大气污染物,NO2和SO2次之,O3和CO浓度较低;除O3外,其它5种污染物之间呈显著正相关,与风速、温度、相对湿度3个气象因子呈负相关,浓度水平冬季高、夏季低;O3与温度呈显著正相关.对于呼吸系统疾病,单个污染物每增加10 μg·m-3(CO每增加0.1 mg·m-3)的最大效应情况是:PM10、SO2、NO2、CO均在当天(lag0)使得门诊人次分别增加0.36%、1.77%、1.29%、0.69%,PM2.5和O3分别在累积滞后6 d(lag05)和单日滞后3 d(lag3)使得门诊人次分别增加0.6%和1.07%;对于循环系统疾病,单个污染物每增加10 μg·m-3(CO每增加0.1 mg·m-3)的最大效应是:PM2.5、PM10均在累积滞后5 d(lag04)使得门诊人次分别增加0.72%、0.80%,SO2、NO2均在累积滞后6 d使得门诊人次分别增加3.55%、3.54%,CO和O3则分别在当天和单日滞后3 d使得门诊人次分别增加0.77%、1.39%.对于呼吸、循环系统疾病,PM2.5、PM10、CO、O3对男性的影响均大于女性,SO2则反之;NO2对男性呼吸系统和女性循环系统影响较大.大气污染物对少年(7~17岁)呼吸系统和对中年(41~65岁)循环系统影响较大.临沂市区6种大气污染物存在不同程度的污染,对居民呼吸、循环系统疾病均有不同程度的影响,且存在性别和年龄的差异. 相似文献
20.
结合天气形势,地面观测资料和WRF-CMAQ模式,分析了2017年7月8~15日成都市一次罕见持续O3污染过程的特征及成因,量化了各个物理化学过程对此次污染过程的相对贡献,并通过敏感性实验分析了四川盆地内O3及其前体物的区域传输和本地光化学反应对此次污染过程的影响.结果表明,此次O3持续污染过程主要是因为四川盆地内盛行偏东风,导致盆地东部城市群的O3及其前体物经区域输送到成都及周边地区,加之成都市出现小风、气温升高等气象条件进而形成,属于典型的传输性爆发污染.持续污染形成的主要物理化学机制体现为日间气相化学过程贡献为稳定的正值,加之输送过程贡献出现爆发式升高,进而导致近地面O3小时净增量迅速上升且高达50μg/(m3·h),随之O3浓度迅速响应,产生爆发式增长.此外,敏感性实验结果显示此次成都市O3持续污染的形成受区域输送影响较受本地光化学反应影响更为明显.O3污染爆发前上游地区高浓度O3及其前体物沿流场输送并在成都及周边地区不断积累,导致日间O3浓度不断升高. 相似文献