固相微萃取-气质联用法测定水中痕量土臭素和二甲基异崁醇

采用固相微萃-气相色谱/质谱法(SPME-GC/MS)对GSM和2-MIB进行富集检测。实验对萃取富集和仪器条件进行了优化,得出最佳实验条件：NaCl投加量30%,萃取温度65℃,萃取时间40 min,解吸3 min,不分流进样,SIM模式采集数据。实验还对萃取头的使用次数和维护进行了探讨。利用已经建立的SPME-GC/MS法对佛山市28家水厂的出厂水和原水、佛山典型景观千灯湖和亚艺公园湖水进行普查。该法具有操作简单快速、能实现自动化连续检测、准确、灵敏度高等特点,适用于饮用水中嗅味物质定性和定量。     

钛负载纳米Pd粒子电极的电化学催化性能研究

采用电化学沉积法将纳米钯粒子负载在钛板上,制备钛负载纳米钯粒子的NanoPd/Ti电极.利用循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法对比研究NanoPd/Ti电极与Ti电极的电化学性能,以及分别对氯苯和硝基苯模拟废水电化学催化性能,表明NanoPd/Ti电极循环伏安过程出现新的氧化峰和还原峰,反应电位明显正移,反应过程峰电流也明显增大.通过降解实验,NanoPd/Ti电极可以在更低电压,更短时间内达到更好CODcr去除效果.     

多级A／O膜生物反应器污泥活性研究

采用一种新型的多级A／O膜生物反应器处理污水,对该工艺的污泥活性进行了研究。结果表明,VSS／SS在实验过程中呈较弱的下降趋势,多级A／O池曝气室污泥比硝化速率逐室下降,但各缺氧室污泥比反硝化速率基本一致;污泥释磷、聚磷过程在30 min和1 h内基本完成,反硝化聚磷试验表明污泥中存在DPB的富集,反硝化作用是反硝化细菌与DPB共同作用的结果。     

基于DMSP/OLS数据的江苏省城镇人口空间分异研究

人口空间分异研究是区域协调发展的基础,便捷准确地获取城镇人口全局和局域的空间信息,对于合理制定区域人口、经济和社会发展政策具有重要意义。在DMSP/OLS(夜间灯光)数据和人口数据之间的定量关联基础上,模拟出格网尺度上江苏省2012年人口密度,采用人口集中指数、空间变差函数识别人口分布的空间格局并探讨区别于行政单元尺度的人口格局形成机理。区域层面,江苏省人口空间分异呈现苏北地区"低密度点状"分布,苏南、苏中为"高密度面状"分布并存格局。城镇层面,江苏省人口空间分布结构具有4种类型,H-H型地区人口各向差异性最强,网格单元内随机变异最小;H-L型人口各向差异性最小,网格单元内随机变异较大;L-L型人口轴向均质化特征明显,网格单元随机变异较小;L-H型空间各向差异性较小,网格单元的随机变异最大。结果表明,基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据反演而得到的人口格网模型具有巨大潜力,结合变差函数进行拟合分析可定量地刻画城镇内部人口分布的空间异质性特征。     

HF对Cu-SSZ-13/堇青石的原位合成及脱除NO_x的影响

以Cu-TEPA为模板剂原位水热合成一系列具有优良deNOx特性的Cu-SSZ-13/堇青石整体式催化剂.为进一步改善其氨的选择性催化还原氮氧化物的活性,在制备过程中添加HF对原位制备Cu-SSZ-13/堇青石整体式催化剂进行改性.利用XRD、SEM、XPS、BET、ICP-AES等对样品进行了表征.结果表明,当nHF/nAl在0.015—0.0375时,晶化72 h的Cu-SSZ-13/堇青石表现出了优异的脱硝性能和抗老化性能,其最大转化率为99.8%,NOx转化率保持在90%以上的最宽活性温度窗口为280—640℃,而无HF的新鲜样品的NOx转化率保持在90%以上的活性温度窗口为300—580℃;720℃老化50 h处理后,nHF/nAl=0.015—0.0375样品的NOx转化率保持在90%以上的最宽活性温度窗口为360—520℃,未添加HF的老化样品相应的活性温度窗口为400—500℃.无论新鲜还是老化,nHF/nAl=0.015—0.0375样品在低温段200—300℃和高温段500—700℃的NOx转化率基本都大于未添加HF的样品.结合表征结果,在催化剂原位水热合成过程中HF的加入既提高了样品的相对结晶度和负载量,又增大了样品的比表面积和比孔容,且提高了Cu-SSZ-13/堇青石骨架结构的稳定性,进而在一定程度上改善了Cu-SSZ-13/堇青石的高温脱硝活性和水热稳定性.     

大气VOCs在线监测系统测量准确性分析

基于在线气相色谱-氢火焰离子检测/质谱(GC-FID/MS)方法,在线测量116种大气挥发性有机物的性能指标(线性关系、检出限、精密度、正确度、期间正确度和期间精密度).基于在线监测系统连续7d的实际运行情况,定量评估116种有机物在实际长期运行中测量的准确性和可靠性.结果 表明,116种组分中,109种组分的线性相关...     

SPE-UPLC-MS/MS法测定地下水中多种农药残留

采用固相萃取超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定地下水中涕灭威、克百威、2,4滴和五氯酚等4种农药残留,通过优化试验条件,使方法在10.0μg/L～200μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.003μg/L～0.006μg/L.标准溶液低、中2个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为84.1％ ～98.8...     

Criteria for the Assessment of Sustainable Water Management

Pressure on the world’s water resources is increasing, restraining social and economic development in many countries, and threatening ecological values in others. In order to manage water resources in a more sustainable manner, new planning methodologies/processes for river basin management need to be developed. This study attempts to construct a set of useable normative criteria for the analysis and evaluation of such processes. The criteria were designed as a response to the lack of deductive approaches in the evaluation of methodologies and working procedures used in the context of river basin management, making it possible to highlight their potential for sustainable development. The criteria are based on the twin concepts of participation and integration. These concepts function as well-established dimensions of both sustainable development and sustainable river basin management, and they are of significant methodological relevance. A synthesis of the key aspects connected to the two concepts is undertaken, based on a broad literature review. Focus is laid on how in methodological terms, and in relation to regional water management, to achieve participation and integration in a decision-making or planning process. The criteria are concerned with how knowledge and values are integrated into the planning process and how commitment, legitimacy, or acceptance for the resulting plan is generated.     

外源硫诱导下的Desulfovibrio desulfuricans sub sp.EPS特性及对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附

研究了3种外源硫(Na₂SO₄、Na₂SO₃和Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O)对Desulfovibrio desulfuricans sub sp.(D.desulfuricans sp.)的胞外聚合物(EPS)的胁迫/诱导作用。结果表明,在还原性硫源0.50g/L Na₂SO₃的条件下,EPS产量最高,为2104.39mg/g VSS,蛋白质含量为1888.52mg/g VSS,较胁迫/诱导前均提高了300%以上;其对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附性能最好,为954.4mg/g EPS,提高了98.17%。三维荧光(3D-EEM)结果表明,胁迫/诱导后EPS中类酪氨酸均大量增加;傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,胁迫后-OH、C=O、C-O-C等官能团均大量增加,在Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附中发挥了重要作用;X光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,在还原性硫源(Na₂SO₃和Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O)胁迫/诱导后,EPS中C-O/C-N、C=N和某种含氧基团(X)大量增加,可能是吸附Zn(Ⅱ)的主要基团。     

Identification and characterization of Fe3O4/peroxodisulfate advanced oxidation products from sulfameter

Sulfonamides (SAs) are one of the most widely used antibiotics and their residuals in the environment could cause some negative environmental issues. Advanced oxidation such as Fenton-like reaction has been widely applied in the treatment of SAs polluted water. Degradation rates of 95%-99.7% were achieved in this work for the tested 8 SAs, including sulfisomidine, sulfameter (SME), phthalylsulfathiazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfachloropyridazine, and sulfadimethoxine, in the Fe₃O₄/peroxodisulfate (PDS) oxidation system after the optimization of PDS concentration and pH. Meanwhile, it was found that a lot of unknown oxidation products were formed, which brought up the uncertainty of health risks to the environment, and the identification of these unknown products was critical. Therefore, SME was selected as the model compound, from which the oxidation products were never elucidated, to identify these intermediates/products. With liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), 10 new products were identified, in which 2-amino-5-methoxypyrimidine (AMP) was confirmed by its standard. The investigation of the oxidation process of SME indicated that most of the products were not stable and the degradation pathways were very complicated as multiple reactions, such as oxidation of the amino group, SO₂ extrusion, and potential cross-reaction occurred simultaneously. Though most of the products were not verified due to the lack of standards, our results could be helpful in the evaluation of the treatment performance of SAs containing wastewater.