Efficiency and degradation products elucidation of the photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl in water interface using TiO2 P-25 and Hombikat UV100

The photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl (MFD), an herbicide safener, was investigated in aqueous suspensions by using Degussa P-25 and Hombikat UV100 titanium oxide under simulated sunlight irradiation. The effects of initial concentration of the herbicide, pH, catalysts and hydrogen peroxide doses as well as their combinations were studied and optimized. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters were determined and the effectiveness of the processes was assessed by calculating the rate constants. A pseudo first-order kinetics was observed. Under experimental conditions, the degradation rate constants were strongly influenced using P-25 and no noticeable effect was observed for Hombikat UV100. DFT calculations with B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory were performed to check whether significant conformational changes occur when the charge state of the MFD substrate changes and whether these changes could play a role in the dependency of photodegradation rate constant on the studied pH. High resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS) was implemented to identify the main degradation products.     

新版GB/T28001的主要变化

介绍了GB／T28001—2001标准修订的背景及修订原则,解读了新版标准的主要变化。     

电化学还原-氧化工艺降解4-氯酚的毒性研究

采用紫外光还原法制备了Pd-Fe/石墨烯催化阴极,并以Ti/IrO_2/RuO_2为阳极,构成三电极体系(双阴极)和两电极体系(单阴极)的电化学还原-氧化降解工艺,分别对4-氯酚进行降解.采用离子色谱、高效液相色谱、TOC仪对4-氯酚降解过程中中间产物及其浓度进行测定.根据公式计算降解过程中理论计算毒性值,应用发光细菌法测定降解过程中的实际毒性值,对理论计算毒性值与实际毒性值进行比较,分析不同体系下降解过程中毒性的变化规律.结果表明,两种工艺体系在最佳降解条件下,阴极室毒性均呈下降的趋势,由于降解过程中在阳极室生成高毒性的苯醌,阳极室毒性均先升高后降低.通过相关性分析得到,两种体系理论计算毒性与实际毒性在P=0.01水平下,相关性系数均为1,显著相关,表明降解过程中实际毒性的测定结果真实可靠.降解至120 min时,三电极体系毒性小于两电极体系,表明三电极体系优于两电极体系.据此提出实际毒性测定方法在电化学还原-氧化工艺降解氯酚类有机废水毒性测试的工业应用中有着广泛的前景.     

RGO/TiO2光催化降解2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸研究

通过Hummers法及紫外光/热还原工艺制得还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),采用溶胶-凝胶-煅烧法,以RGO和钛酸酊脂为前驱体制备出RGO/TiO2光催化复合材料,并利用XRD、FT-IR等对其进行了表征.对RGO/TiO2光催化降解性能的研究发现,复合光催化剂RGO/TiO2对2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的光催化降解活性显著优于纯TiO2,并且发现负载量和pH值对光催化降解性能有较大的影响:RGO/TiO2投加量为1.2g·L~(-1)、RGO负载量2%、pH为3、初始浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)反应12 h,2,4-D去除率达到98.75%;2,4-D降解率随着RGO/TiO2投加量的增大先增大后减小;RGO/TiO2对2,4-D的降解为脱氯还原和催化氧化过程,产生氯酚、苯酚等中间产物.     

GC/MS法测定生物样品中多溴联苯醚类化合物

本研究建立了多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）生物样品分析方法,获得了优化的前处理条件、气相色谱和质谱检测条件.对定性定量方法及实验条件必须满足的要求进行了评价.通过质量控制（quality control, QC）对整个方法进行了验证.结果证明,本研究所建立的分析方法满足生物样品PBDEs测定的要求,回收率在50.5%～112.3%之间,回收率相对标准偏差在5.3%～9.9%之间,方法检测限在7.1～161.8 pg/g之间.在建立的方法基础上,测定了部分养殖和野生鱼类样品,测得的野生鳜鱼和鲫鱼以及2个养殖鲈鱼样品的结果分别为1.53、1.11、5.31和6.15 ng/g(干重),其中主要的同族体为BDE47.     

F/M对活性污泥微生物生态网络的影响

为深入理解有机负荷率(F/M)对活性污泥(AS)微生物群落的影响,以F/M(以BOD/MLVSS计,下同)设计建议范围0.2～0.5 kg·(kg·d)-1为依据,将采集的AS样品分为3组,运用基于随机矩阵理论(RMT)的网络分析方法,解析了不同F/M条件下的AS微生物生态网络拓扑性质及结构特征.结果表明,较低的F/M...     

海藻酸钠/锆@钙水凝胶的制备及其对磷的吸附研究

利用简便的方法制备了一种新型的海藻酸钠/锆@钙(SA/Zr@Ca)水凝胶材料,采用SEM、XRD对该材料进行了表征,并通过拟合吸附等温模型及吸附动力学模型,结合XPS和Zeta电位分析,研究了该材料对磷酸盐吸附的性能和机理.结果表明,该材料为非晶态的无定型材料.在溶液初始pH为2～7时,SA/Zr@Ca对磷酸盐(以PO...     

Applicability of LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain with glutaraldehyde fixation for the measurement of bacterial abundance and viability in rainwater

Rainwater contains substantial bacteria and rain is an efficient pathway for the dissemination of bacteria from the atmosphere to land and water surfaces.However,quantitative information on rainwater bacteria is very limited due to the lack of a reliable method.In this study,the epifluorescence microscopy enumeration with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit stain was verified to quantify the abundance of viable and non-viable bacterial cells in rainwater,with the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) stain for the reference of total cell counts.Results showed that the total counts of bacterial cells by LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining were consistent with those by DAPI staining,and the average detection efficiency was(109 ± 29)%.The ratio of cell count with glutaraldehyde fixation to that without fixation was(106 ± 5)%on average.The bacterial concentration in negative control was usually an order of magnitude lower than that in rainwater samples.However,in case of small precipitation,the abundance in negative control could be more than that in rainwater samples.These results indicate that the enumeration with LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability assay coupled with glutaraldehyde fixation and careful negative control investigation is an approach applicable to the measurement of the concentration and viability of bacterial cells in rainwater.     

一种低功耗高性能数据采集数字处理平台的设计

目的构建一套基于中频信号基带数字信号处理的软件无线电平台。方法通过选择芯片设计硬件电路设计出合适的PCB板。结果主要依据软件无线电平台,提出了一种基于A/D+FPGA+D/A的硬件设计方案,该系统包括了前端的A/D数据采集和后端的D/A模拟数据恢复的详细收发电路原理设计。结论构建了一个从前端数据接收到后端模拟发送的高速基带数字信号处理平台。     

SBR中生物除磷颗粒污泥的反硝化聚磷研究

反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)可利用厌氧储存的聚.3.羟基丁酸(PHB)以硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体进行过量吸磷和反硝化,从而达到在低碳源下脱氮除磷的双重目的.本试验在SBR反应器中,采用厌氧,缺氧/好氧(A/A/O)交替运行的方式.将富集聚磷菌(PAOs)的颗粒污泥成功地诱导为具有反硝化聚磷能力的颗粒污泥.诱导结束后P的去除率在90%以上,NOx-N的去除率在93%以上,厌氧段释磷量在25-33 mg/L,缺氧段每去除lg NOx-N吸收P约1.3 g;典型周期运行结果显示,厌氧段最大比释磷速率(SRPR)为18.39 mg/(g.h),缺氧段最大比吸磷速率(SUPR)为23.72 mg/(g·h),最大比反硝化速率(SDNR)为18.19mg/(g·h),好氧段最大SUPR为17.15 me,/(g·h):颗粒污泥中DNPAOs的数量由诱导前的14.9%增加到80.7%.与除磷颗粒污泥相比.反硝化聚磷颗粒污泥沉速提高0.16-0.7倍,比重提高0.003 1.