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Sierk B Richter A Rozanov A Von Savigny Ch Schmoltner AM Buchwitz M Bovensmann H Burrows JP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,120(1-3):65-77
The Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) onboard the European Envisat spacecraft performs continuous spectral observations of reflected, scattered and transmitted sunlight in various observation geometries. A unique feature of SCIAMACHY is the capability of probing the atmosphere in three different observation geometries:The nadir, limb, and occultation measurement modes. In nadir mode, column densities of trace gases are retrieved with a spatial resolution of typically 30× 60 km using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique (Platt and Perner, 1983). Alternating with the nadir measurement, vertical profiles of absorber concentration in the stratosphere are derived in limb and occultation. In this paper we present an overview over some applications of SCIAMACHY data in space-based monitoring of atmospheric pollution. The DOAS algorithms for the retrieval of total column amounts from nadir spectra are briefly described and case studies of pollution events are presented. We also illustrate the technique used to derive stratospheric concentration profiles from limb observations and show comparisons with other remote sensing systems. Special emphasis will be given to techniques, which take advantage of SCIAMACHY's different viewing geometries. In particular, we will discuss the potential and limits of strategies to infer tropospheric abundances of O3and NO2. 相似文献
114.
Hanna I. Campen Damian L. Arvalo-Martínez Yuri Artioli Ian J. Brown Vassilis Kitidis Gennadi Lessin Andrew P. Rees Hermann W. Bange 《Ambio》2022,51(2):411
Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and carbon monoxide (CO) are climate-relevant trace gases that play key roles in the radiative budget of the Arctic atmosphere. Under global warming, Arctic sea ice retreats at an unprecedented rate, altering light penetration and biological communities, and potentially affect DMS and CO cycling in the Arctic Ocean. This could have socio-economic implications in and beyond the Arctic region. However, little is known about CO production pathways and emissions in this region and the future development of DMS and CO cycling. Here we summarize the current understanding and assess potential future changes of DMS and CO cycling in relation to changes in sea ice coverage, light penetration, bacterial and microalgal communities, pH and physical properties. We suggest that production of DMS and CO might increase with ice melting, increasing light availability and shifting phytoplankton community. Among others, policy measures should facilitate large-scale process studies, coordinated long term observations and modelling efforts to improve our current understanding of the cycling and emissions of DMS and CO in the Arctic Ocean and of global consequences. 相似文献
115.
石油液化气储配站火灾爆炸危险分析与事故后果评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对石油液化气储配站火灾爆炸危险因素从危险物质、设计与施工、安全管理等方面进行分析,并进行了重大危险源辨识,对石油液化气泄漏引发蒸气云爆炸事故进行后果评价,并提出了相应的安全对策. 相似文献
116.
液化石油气事故机理及模拟评价方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
液化石油气的生产、储运过程中蒸气爆炸事故屡有发生,并导致其他类型的爆炸.结合液化石油气的典型案例,对液化石油气火灾爆炸事故发生的过程、机理和评价模型进行了研究与分析. 相似文献
117.
Huai Chen Ning Wu Shouping Yao Yongheng Gao Dan Zhu Yanfen Wang Wan Xiong Xingzhong Yuan 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(32):4995-5000
The littoral zones of lakes have been regarded as hotspots of methane (CH4) fluxes through several studies. In the present study, we measured CH4 fluxes in six kinds of littoral zones of Huahu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the peak growing season of 2006 and 2007. We found that CH4 efflux (ranging from −0.1 to 90 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) from the littoral zones of this lake was relatively high among those of boreal and temperate lakes. Our results also showed that emergent plant zones (Hippuris vulgaris and Glyceria maxima stands) recorded the highest CH4 flux rate. The CH4 flux in the floating mat zone of Carex muliensis was significantly lower than those of the emergent plant zones. CH4 fluxes in the floating-leaved zone of Polygonum amphibium and bare lakeshore showed no significant difference and ranked last but one, only higher than that of the littoral meadow (Kobresia tibetica). Plant biomass and standing water depths were important factors to explain such spatial variations in CH4 fluxes. No significant temporal variations in CH4 fluxes were found due to the insignificant variations of physical factors in the peak growing season. These results may help in our understanding of the importance of the littoral zone of lakes, especially the emergent plant zone, as a hotspot of CH4 emission. 相似文献
118.
平板模型对液化石油气连续泄漏扩散模拟分析与探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对目前主要的气体泄漏扩散模拟计算模型进行比较分析,选择平板模型用于液化石油气连续泄漏扩散模拟计算,运用假设中型和大型泄漏的计算实例结果,通过与挪威船级社(DNV)开发的SAFETI风险评价软件的计算结果进行对比分析,可以得出:在静风条件下,平板模型对液化石油气连续泄漏扩散模拟的准确性高。随着云团扩散密度降低,平板模型计算偏差逐步加大,且计算偏差随风速的增大而变大,因而利用平板模型进行模拟计算的结果应予修正。 相似文献
119.
可燃气体(液体蒸气)爆炸测试装置的改进研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
以可燃气体(液体蒸气)爆炸测试装置改进为主线,综述国内外各种测试装置的优缺点。对不同装置、测试方法以及测试原理进行比较分析,研讨可燃气体爆炸的特点和爆炸参数测试方法以及对现有测试装置的改进方案。即对20 L爆炸测试装置的配气系统和控制系统进行了合理改进,使引射混合配气与循环混合配气相结合,使可燃气体(液体蒸气)与空气混合更均匀,控制操作更简便,还指出了今后研究工作中应注意的一些问题和研究重点。 相似文献
120.
水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在室内培养条件下,测定了水稻土中含硫气体的释放.结果表明,该土壤中有硫化氢(H2S),羰基硫(COS),二甲基硫(DMS)三种气体释放.当土壤中加入半胱氨酸后,COS和H2S气体的浓度有了明显增加,并有CS2和CH3SH测出,而DMS的浓度变化不大.这些结果表明半胱氨酸的分解可能是 COS,H2S,CS2和 CH3SH的产生源之一.在好氧(正常大气)条件下,H2S,COS,CS2和CH3SH的释放量低于厌氧(氮气氛围)条件下的释放量,DMS则高于厌氧条件下.这表明水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生 H2S,COS,CS2和 CH3SH需较强的还原条件,产生这四种气体的微生物需要严格的厌氧条件.产生DMS的微生物则比前者需要高一些的含氧量.在光照条件下,各含硫气体的释放量普遍高于无光照条件下的释放量.释放含硫气体的大多数微生物适宜的含水率为50%且对土壤的pH值有一定要求. 相似文献