LNAPL在砂质含水层中动态迁移的电阻率法监测试验研究

在海滨潮间带采集细砂,通过室内柴油泄漏模拟试验,利用自制电阻率监测系统对轻非水相液体在砂土-地下水系统垂向渗透过程进行电阻率变化动态监测;通过配制不同含油率砂土测定其静态电阻率变化规律,探讨电阻率变化的影响因素;最后取样分析测定污染含水介质稳定后含水率及含油率,对监测结果有效性进行了验证;并利用显微成像法对污染砂土进行了微观形态分析.结果表明,柴油污染砂土微观形态上胶结现象明显;柴油渗透海滨砂土过程电阻率大小同含水饱和度,比电阻率和含油饱和度之间存在良好的相关性,均可用Archie公式拟合,n值分别为2.36和0.15;通过电阻率测定可以有效估算柴油透镜体厚度;电阻率随深度的变化可以反映含油率和含水率的垂向分布.本研究为轻质油品储罐或者海上油品输运过程泄露造成的海滨砂土地下污染扩散过程监测及机制研究提供了一种有效的方法,也可为其他典型石油泄漏污染场地的电阻率法探测或监测提供参考.     

TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water (tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.     

1987-2006年厦门市土地利用变化检测分析

通过对厦门市五个时相的土地利用变化检测,分析了厦门市1987年-2006年间各分区的土地利用变化及各地类在各年间的变化情况,并分析其变化原因.     

静置/好氧/缺氧序批式反应器（SBR）脱氮除磷效果研究

以静置段代替传统厌氧段,采用后置缺氧方式,考察了静置/好氧/缺氧序批式反应器(SBR)(R1)的生物脱氮除磷(BNR)性能,并与传统厌氧/好氧/缺氧序批式反应器(SBR)(R2)进行对比.两反应器进水乙酸钠、氨氮(NH+4-N)及磷酸盐(PO3-4-P)浓度均分别为350 mg·L-1(以COD计)、40 mg·L-1及12 mg·L-1,水力停留时间(HRT)为12 h.研究结果表明,R1长期运行中磷的去除率与R2相当,分别为92.4%和92.1%,而总氮(TN)去除率则较R2高,分别为83.5%和77.0%.R1静置段省去搅拌但仍能起到厌氧段的作用,为好氧快速摄磷奠定了基础,同时R1缺氧段发生反硝化摄磷,使出水磷降至0.91 mg·L-1.好氧段内R1发生了同步硝化-反硝化(SND),贡献了18.0%的TN去除量,R2也存在SND,但脱氮贡献率较少,仅为9.8%.R1和R2后置缺氧反硝化均以糖原驱动,反硝化速率分别为0.98、0.84 mg·g-1·h-1(以每g VSS产生的N(mg)计),出水TN分别为6.62、9.21 mg·L-1.研究表明,静置段代替传统厌氧段后,可获得更好的脱氮效果,且工艺更为简化.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中丙烯酰胺研究

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法对水中的丙烯酰胺定性、定量分析。结果显示:丙烯酰胺含量在20μg/L~400μg/L之间呈良好线性关系,回归方程Y=0.476 8X+0.845 4,相关系数R为0.997 72,检出限0.1μg/L,样品回收率在71.85%~92.28%之间,相对标准偏差为3.4%~10.9%。该方法减少了有机溶剂用量,缩短了有机溶剂暴露时间,降低污染,且能满足地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)限值要求,是水中丙烯酰胺含量准确稳定的检测方法。用该方法测定了呼和浩特市引黄入呼左岸、右岸、中浅和中深4个断面水样,均未检出丙烯酰胺。     

表面活性剂辅助离子液体预处理稻秆的酶解动力学与结构变化分析

以稻秆为原料进行酶解研究,考察了纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶单独作用及协同作用对稻秆酶解还原糖产量的影响,以确定最佳酶体系,并研究在最佳酶体系中不同种类表面活性剂辅助离子液体对稻秆酶解的影响和动力学特征,最后通过稻秆成分分析、FTIR、XRD、SEM对预处理前后的稻秆结构、结晶性进行了分析比较.结果表明,纤维素酶与β-葡萄糖苷酶具有协同作用,而且在最佳酶体系中,与未处理稻秆及单独离子液体预处理相比,不同种类表面活性剂辅助离子液体预处理的稻秆在酶水解48 h时纤维转化率分别增加40%~85%、10%~31%,并且预处理对反应速率的提高有促进作用.     

纳米TiO2/CNTs复合材料的制备及其光学性质

TiO2在碳纳米管上的复合材料可以增加材料的光催化性能,已成为新的研究热点.本文采用低温液相法成功地合成了TiO2/CNTs复合材料,并用TEM、XRD和UV-vis对材料进行了表征,结果表明,TiO2很好地分散在CNTs上,具有显著的催化效果,有很好的应用前景.     

New metallothionein assay in Scrobicularia plana: heating effect and correlation with other biomarkers

Metallothionein (MT) and other biomarker levels were measured in Scrobicularia plana clams to assess pollution of the Guadalquivir Estuary possibly affected by metals released from Aznalcóllar pyrite mine in 1998. After optimizing reagent concentrations for monobromobimane derivatization, MT levels were quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (RP-HPLC-FD) in heated or unheated digestive gland extracts and compared to those obtained by differential pulse polarography (DPP). MT content assayed by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated samples was higher than that obtained by DPP and correlated better with metals and anti-oxidant activities. MT assay by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated extracts would be preferable for assessing metal pollution, due to its greater sensitivity and specificity. In addition to MT induction, glyoxalase II inhibition was well correlated with metal contents. Our results suggest that metals at the estuary do not originate from Aznalcóllar spill, but from those carried along by the river and deposited at its concave bank.     

液晶显示器液晶处理与铟回收技术

在实验室条件下,对液晶显示器回收的各个重要环节作了初步的探索,提出了一整套回收工艺.其中包括利用丙酮常温浸取去除偏光片、分离玻璃基板、溶解液晶,还包括利用硫酸溶液和二氧化锰联合浸取玻璃基板,铟的浸取率达89%.得到的铟的酸液经过萃取、置换和电解,可以得到铟的产品,为液晶显示器的资源化和无害化提供实验数据和技术支持.     

喻家土扁滑坡形成的力学机理与险情分析

喻家滑坡发现于去年5月,体积近17×104m3,呈长条纺棰状,分成上.下滑块,本文从斜坡的变形历史、特征调查入手,较深入地研究了该滑坡滑移-拉裂-推动-牵引的耦合力学机理,该滑坡正处在蠕滑阶段,近期存在整体滑移和出现较大危害的险情,已引起有关部门的重视,并采取了有力的减灾防灾措施.