热解析-固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定空气样品中挥发性有机化合物

建立了热解析-固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定空气样品中挥发性有机化合物的分析方法,并对色谱分离条件、玻璃针筒保存样品的稳定性、固相微萃取萃取纤维、萃取时间、色谱进样时间等条件进行了优化,9种挥发性有机化合物的峰面积与其质量浓度在所测范围内有较好的线性关系,相对标准偏差＜8.8%,检出限为0.05～0.75 μg/100 mL,满足实际空气样品测定需要。     

环境监测实验室废液的管理与处理方法

环境监测实验室的废液处理常常被忽视,提出建立有效的废液管理制度的必要性.有针对性地介绍了环境监测实验室中常见废液的处理方法.     

高压脉冲液相放电废水处理技术的研究进展

综述了国内外高压脉冲液相放电技术在水处理方面的应用及研究现状,概述了高压脉冲液相放电技术的原理以及目前高压脉冲液相放电技术的主要研究方向,如高压脉冲电源、物理效应、反应器、污染物和降解机理等方面,并提出了此技术存在的问题和前景.     

液膜分离技术处理含Cr6+废水的研究

采用液膜分离技术处理Cr^6＋质量浓度为200—1000mg／L的废水,考察了膜溶剂、载体、内水相、外水相、pH、乳水比（乳液与废水的体积比）等因素对处理效果的影响,通过正交实验得出最佳实验条件。结果表明,在膜溶剂为煤油、载体为三辛胺、内水相为氯氧化钠、氢氧化钠质量分数为2％、pn为1、乳水比为1：4的最佳条件下,Cr^6＋的去除率可达98．4％。     

Pyrolysis of rice husk and sawdust for liquid fuel

The paper is focused on studying how to convert rice husk and sawdust into liquid fuel. Rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were pyrolyzed at the temperature between 420℃ and 540℃, and the main product of liquid fuel was obtained. The experimental result showed that the yield of liquid fuel heavily depended on the kind of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. In the experiments, the maximum liquid yields for rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were 56% at 465 ℃, 61% at 490℃ and 60% at 475℃ respectively. Analysis with GC-MS and other apparatus indicated that the liquid fuel is a complicated organic compound with low caloric value and can be directly used as fuel oil without any up-grading. As a crude oil, the liquid fuel can be refined to be vehicle oil.     

基于ZIF-L的微固相萃取技术测定地表水中痕量典型多环芳烃

制备类沸石咪唑酯骨架ZIF-L材料,将其用作微固相萃取吸附剂,处理水中萘、苊、苊烯、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘等8种痕量典型多环芳烃,再用HPLC测定。试验表明,ZIF-L对上述多环芳烃的萃取效率明显高于商品化萃取材料C 18和多壁碳纳米管。方法在0.100μg/L^200μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.02μg/L^0.03μg/L,标准溶液5次测定结果的RSD为4.7%~9.5%,实际水样加标回收率为84.5%~115%。将该方法用于北太湖5个点位水样的测定,测定值为未检出~3.40μg/L。     

苦味酸测定中关键问题的研究

目前测定苦味酸的国标方法为《生活饮用水标准检验方法有机物指标》(GB/T 5750.8—2006)中的衍生物-液液萃取-气相色谱法,在实际测试过程中,发现水样pH值和基质效应会影响苦味酸测定。当pH值为8~12时,生成的氯化苦响应强度变化不大;在pH约为13时,响应强度最大。水质中除腐殖酸、硝基甲烷及2,4,6-三硝基甲苯会影响苦味酸测定外,硝基酚类和甲基酚类同样起到正干扰作用,因此,国标方法不能全面和准确地测定水中的苦味酸含量。     

液氮泡沫发生器内流动特性研究

低温液氮与泡沫混合液直接接触产生氮气泡沫是一种新型的掺混形式,利用液氮高汽化比的特点,搭建液氮泡沫可视化实验装置,进行氮气-水两相流及液氮泡沫流动特性的研究。结果表明,液氮相变产生大量氮气,其与泡沫液混合产生泡沫,温度有所回升,最终趋于泡沫混合液温度;管路沿程压降较小;液氮射流破碎及流动过程可分为6个区域:低温液氮区、向上循环翻滚区、滞留区、泡沫与泡沫混合液混合区、致密泡沫区、泡沫混合液区。流体向下游流动过程中持续发泡;为防止管路结冰,需合理控制泡沫混合液与液氮流量。     

屏蔽服冷却系统对人体表面温度影响的研究*

为科学有效地论证多种方式组合的冷却屏蔽服在不同环境条件下对人体表面温度控制的效果,需要对冷却系统及人体敏感部位发热量进行客观评估。通过对5名健康男性的高温测试,探究人体在不同环境温度下体表温度的变化,得出胸部、背部及额头为热量最高部位,并构建以“人体-降温屏蔽服-外界环境”为主体的冷却系统数值模型,对不同环境中的屏蔽服冷却效果展开研究,分析穿戴冷却屏蔽服时人体躯干部分的温度分布及影响。结果表明:在屏蔽服中靠近胸部、背部部位引入相变材料和风扇,均可帮助人体降低体温,提高舒适度。     

Morphological characteristics of flashing jet throughout superheated liquid release

Many release problems involve two-phase releases of hazardous materials of superheated liquids with high energy into the atmosphere. Such accidents are accompanied by violent phase transition and form catastrophic flashing jets. In this work, experimental and theoretical analyses were conducted to investigate dynamic characteristics of flashing jet morphology and their dependence on pressure-decay dynamics under different storage pressures, superheats, and nozzle diameters. Flashing jet morphology and angle throughout two-phase releases were captured by a high-speed camera, and the corresponding source pressure in the superheated liquid tank was measured simultaneously. Results show that three typical phases, expansion, stabilization, and decay, are characterized throughout two-phase release based on the evolution of flashing jet morphology. The jet initially expands gradually due to the enhancement of phase transition intensity, and then keeps stable when the intensity reaches its maximum, and terminally decays rapidly due to the depletion of superheated liquid. Phase transition intensity at the nozzle exit is mainly controlled by the pressure-decay dynamics. Bubbles nucleation inception sites gradually move upstream of the nozzle during the pressure decay process increasing the phase transition intensity. The increase of storage pressure, superheat and nozzle diameter promotes the mechanical and thermodynamic effects on the jet breakup. The significant increase of mechanical and thermodynamic effects effectively accelerates droplets evaporation and further affects flashing jet morphology.