造纸黑液常压制备木素磺酸盐的试验研究

实验在常压下将黑液酸化、过滤后直接用于制备木素磺酸盐,旨在为中小型企业提供一种经济可行的黑液资源化途径。该工艺取消了木素的纯化过程,流程短而且设备简单、成本低,但磺化产率偏低。本文主要讨论了反应时间、温度、磺化剂加入量和pH对磺化产率的影响。     

Green liquor dregs as an alternative neutralizing agent at a pulp mill

Green liquor dregs is the biggest waste fraction at sulphate pulp mills. It is commonly landfilled. Here we demonstrate that the utilization of green liquor dregs as a neutralizing agent for acidic wastewaters is a potential alternative and an environmentally friendly method in contrast to its landfill disposal. The liming effect value of 39.6% for green liquor dregs, expressed as Ca equivalent, is similar to the liming effect value of 38% of a commercial limestone product. In addition, the pH value of 10.7 indicates a strong liming effect.     

UV-Fenton法促进白腐菌处理草浆造纸蒸煮黑液

UV—Fenton法能够产生羟基自由基氧化草浆造纸蒸煮黑液中的有机质，白腐菌能够降解草浆造纸蒸煮黑液中的木质素，降低黑液COD，但是分别采用两种方法处理草浆造纸蒸煮黑液，效果都不明显．本研究初步探索了UV—Fenton法作为预处理对白腐菌处理草浆造纸蒸煮黑液体系的影响．与仅采用白腐菌处理黑液的效应相比，UV—Fenton法氧化黑液体系中易氧化的物质，改变了体系中难降解物的特性，降低了可溶性糖的含量，结果能提高白腐菌木质素降解酶系的分泌及酶的活性，增强白腐菌降解木质素及去除黑液COD的能力．图5表1参10     

黑液电渗析碱回收的研究

针对造纸黑液的碱性及污染严重的特点，采用单阳膜电渗析法对黑液中的碱加以回收．并研究了电渗析操作中如电流密度，黑液浓度，温度等因素的影响．综合考虑得到电流密度３５０Ａ／ｍ２，电流效率８５％～９０％，碱回收率７０％～７５％，耗电量５０００～６０００ＫＷＨ／ｔ碱的结论     

An improved product-process for cleaner chrome tanning in leather processing

Severe restrictions imposed by the pollution control authorities on the disposal of chromium, total dissolved solids and chlorides in tannery effluents have forced the tanners to look for low-waste, high exhaust chrome tanning salts. An improved chrome syntan with more than 90% uptake of chrome has been developed. The new product serves both as tanning and retanning agent and can be applied directly to delimed pelts thus eliminating the conventional pickling stage in the leather processing. This modified process helps to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and chlorides in the spent tan liquor by 51, 81 and 99%, respectively. The product offers full, soft leathers having shrinkage temperature comparable to conventional chrome tanned skins. Since the developed product is highly reactive, it saves time and reduces the water requirement when compared to the conventional chrome tanning method. Thus the novel product/process developed not only has advantages in reducing pollution loads but also seems to be techno-economically viable.     

用厌氧折流板反应器处理碱法草浆黑液

在不添加氮、磷营养盐和不调节进水ＰＨ值条件下，用厌氧折流板反应器（ＡＢＲ）处理碱法草浆黑液。结果表明，在ＨＲＴ＝１０．６ｄ、Ｎｖ＝５．３ｋｇＣＯＤｃｒ／ｍ＾３．ｄ、ＰＨ＝１３．６和ＣＯＤ.ｒ＝５６１００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，ＣＯＤ.ｒ去除率为４２％，达到厌氧处理法的最大去除率的８４％。     

造纸制浆废液减水剂研究

针对不同原料、不同制浆蒸煮方法产生的四种废液 ,通过简短的工艺回收、改性制得以木质素磺酸盐为主要成分的复合型减水剂。对其减水等性能进行了研究。其结果表明 ,掺量 2‰～ 5‰时净浆流动度为 10 9～ 174毫米 ,掺量 2‰～ 3‰时砂浆减水率为 15 .3%～ 16 .7% ,砂浆 3天、7天减水抗压强度比均大于 115 %。     

厌氧--好氧生物法治理酒精醪液

采用厌氧－－好氧生物法综合治理后，薯干醪液出水达到ＧＢ８９７８－８８规定的二级标准。该法在徐州市房亭酒厂得到了实际的应用。     

不同碳源加强A~2/O工艺脱氮除磷效果的研究

以人工配制的模拟城市污水为试验用水,采用76L的A~2/O反应器,以甲醇、乙酸钠和剩余污泥水解酸化液分别作为唯一碳源,研究了进水碳源类型对脱氮除磷和代谢过程的影响。结果表明:以甲醇为碳源时COD的去除率最高为97.04%;以乙酸钠为碳源时NH+4-N的去除率最高为99.5%,TP的去除率最高为95.91%;以酸化液为碳源时TN的去除率最高为70.18%。剩余污泥水解酸化液对脱氮除磷的影响效果不及甲醇和乙酸钠,但是以酸化液作为碳源不仅成本较低,还可实现废物资源化。综合考虑酸化液作为碳源最佳。     

产酸白腐菌处理碱性造纸黑液的机制探析

在复杂的黑液污染体系内, 探索了产酸白腐菌处理碱性造纸黑液的机制。用该菌处理碱性造纸黑液5d以后,pH值从8、9降至1,COD去除率为73%,黑液中固形物与可溶木质素随着时间增加。研究结果表明,黑液碱性是影响产酸白腐菌生长的限制因子之一, 产酸白腐菌可以通过产酸代谢调节黑液碱性以适应与改变环境,同时通过木质素酸析及吸附效应降低黑液COD,此时,白腐菌对黑液中木素降解作用处于次要地位,说明使用产酸白腐菌进行造纸黑液的处理具有明显环境效应与巨大的潜力。