浙江乐清湾海岸带地区的经济发展

海湾处于陆地和海洋交汇部位,由于开发环境优越,在人类社会发展中占有非常突出的地位.浙江乐清湾海岸带地区在经济迅速发展的同时,也面临着诸如淡水资源缺乏、海洋经济发展层次和城镇化水平偏低等问题.针对这些问题,提出了相应的调控对策和建议.     

粤港澳大湾区典型潮间带环境多介质中Cd形态空间分布特征及其影响因素

在粤港澳大湾区典型潮间带开展了 14个站位同步采样和观测,分析各采样点表水、孔隙水、悬浮物和沉积物中Cd形态的空间分布特征,并结合环境因子采用统计分析方法探讨不同介质中Cd形态分布差异的影响因素.结果表明,各潮间带环境表水、孔隙水、悬浮物和沉积物中Cd含量范围分别为0.41～15.03 μg·L-1、0.41～27.5...     

郯庐断裂带（安徽段）浅层地下水水化学特征、控制因素及水质评价

为研究郯庐断裂带（安徽段）地下水的水化学特征、控制因素和地下水质量.在郯庐断裂带周边的江淮波状平原区、沿江丘陵平原区和皖西山地共采集了86组地下水,综合运用描述性统计、Piper图、Gibbs图、离子比例分析、饱和指数、氯碱指数和熵权水质指数（EWQI）等方法,开展了地下水的水化学特征及控制因素研究,评价了地下水的质量.结果表明,郯庐断裂带（安徽段）周边浅层地下水呈弱碱性,地下水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca·Mg和HCO₃-Na·Ca型为主.水岩相互作用控制地下水化学组分的形成,硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩风化作用控制了地下水化学组分的形成.强烈的阳离子交替吸附作用是引起Na⁺富集的重要因素.研究区地下水整体质量较好,但受到一定程度人类活动的污染,江淮波状平原和沿江丘陵平原大部分地下水不适合直接饮用.研究结果对郯庐断裂带（安徽段）周边浅层地下水资源可持续开发利用和环境保护具有重要意义.     

洪泽湖湿地生态服务功能分区及其效益分析

总结了洪泽湖湿地的11种生态服务功能,采用生态服务功能相容性分析方法,将洪泽湖湿地生态系统划分为6个功能区:重要物种栖息区、湖体水产养殖区、水产品精养区、水源供应区、社会文化功能区和污染物降解区,并提出了相应的保护措施。     

三峡库区消落带农用坡地氮素流失特征及其环境效应

三峡库区消落带坡地的自发农用较为常见,消落带的这种利用方式可能加剧养分流失并对库区水环境造成影响.通过对库区2011～2013年3个落干期消落带农用坡地的地表径流、壤中流中氮素形态与浓度进行定位监测,研究消落带农用坡地氮素流失特征及其环境效应.结果表明:常规施肥下,消落带农用坡地侵蚀模数为1 443 kg/(hm2·a),落干期内坡地平均径流量为230 mm,径流系数为0.58,其中壤中流流量占总径流量的77％.历次降雨产流事件中常规施肥处理时,地表径流、壤中流中TN平均浓度分别是4.85±0.85、20.73±2.05 mg/L,落干期地表径流(泥沙)和壤中流的TN流失量分别为6.63± 1.19、35.22±3.38 kg/hm2,分别占当季施肥量的2.2％、11.7％.可见,随壤中流流失是三峡库区消落带农用坡地氮素流失的主要途径.与常规施肥处理相比,减量施肥处理使地表径流(泥沙)、壤中流TN流失通量分别显著降低了25％、48％,表明减少氮肥用量可以显著降低消落带农用带来的环境风险,建议消落带农用地氮肥进行减量施肥,使其既不影响作物产量,也显著降低氮流失.     

道路全封闭声屏障的实践

简要介绍了在城市汽车道路桥上安装的一定长度的全封闭声屏障 ,简要分析了全封闭声屏障特有的隔声效果 ,介绍了全封闭声屏障的结构型式及实施过程中主要的技术问题     

应用表面活性剂治理包气带石油污染的研究

为了探讨地下水石油污染的治理方法,应用灌注表面活性剂溶液法去除地下不系统中包气带石油类物质污染的实验研究。从市售９种非离子型表面活性剂中优选出ＡＥＯ－９和ＳＡ－２０２种脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂,确定了实验条件下的最佳去油浓度,１次改造清洗效率最高达９４％,土柱淋洗与块状石灰岩柱淋洗也取得较满意的结果。     

生态脆弱区旅游开发与环境建设协调发展问题研究——以石羊河流域为例

在生态脆弱区发展旅游,如果规划得当、管理科学,应该是一条可行的生态改良和发展经济的道路。石羊河流域是甘肃省河西内陆河流域中生态环境最脆弱的地区,分析了石羊河流域生态环境的脆弱性及旅游开发的可行性,并从规划、建设、管理等层面提出旅游开发与环境建设协调发展的解决对策。     

Modeling the Spatially Varying Water Balance Processes in a Semiarid Mountainous Watershed of Idaho1

Stratton, Benjamin T., Venakataramana Sridhar, Molly M. Gribb, James P. McNamara, and Balaji Narasimhan, 2009. Modeling the Spatially Varying Water Balance Processes in a Semiarid Mountainous Watershed of Idaho. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1390‐1408. Abstract: The distributed Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model was applied to a research watershed, the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, near Boise Idaho to investigate its water balance components both temporally and spatially. Calibrating and validating SWAT is necessary to enable our understanding of the water balance components in this semiarid watershed. Daily streamflow data from four streamflow gages were used for calibration and validation of the model. Monthly estimates of streamflow during the calibration phase by SWAT produced satisfactory results with a Nash Sutcliffe coefficient of model efficiency 0.79. Since it is a continuous simulation model, as opposed to an event‐based model, it demonstrated the limited ability in capturing both streamflow and soil moisture for selected rain‐on‐snow (ROS) events during the validation period between 2005 and 2007. Especially, soil moisture was generally underestimated compared with observations from two monitoring pits. However, our implementation of SWAT showed that seasonal and annual water balance partitioning of precipitation into evapotranspiration, streamflow, soil moisture, and drainage was not only possible but closely followed the trends of a typical semiarid watershed in the intermountain west. This study highlights the necessity for better techniques to precisely identify and drive the model with commonly observed climatic inversion‐related snowmelt or ROS weather events. Estimation of key parameters pertaining to soil (e.g., available water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity), snow (e.g., lapse rates, melting), and vegetation (e.g., leaf area index and maximum canopy index) using additional field observations in the watershed is critical for better prediction.     

Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Yangtze River intertidal zone: An assessment from different indexes

Surface sediments (0-5 cm) from 59 stations within the Yangtze River intertidal zone (YRIZ) were sampled for metal contamination analysis in April and August 2005. The concentrations ranged (in mg kg⁻¹ dry weight): Al, 40,803-97,213; Fe, 20,538-49,627; Cd, 0.12-0.75; Cr, 36.9-173; Cu, 6.87-49.7; Mn, 413-1,112; Ni, 17.6-48.0; Pb, 18.3-44.1; and Zn, 47.6-154; respectively. Among the 59 sampling stations, enrichment factors (EF) indicate enrichment of Cd (52 stations), Cr (54 stations), Cu (5 stations), Ni (26 stations), Pb (5 stations) and Zn (5 stations). Geoaccumulation indexes (I_geo) also suggest individual metal contamination in localized areas. This study indicates that Cd, Cr and Ni enrichment in the YRIZ sediment is widespread whereas Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn enrichment is localized or nonexistent. Factor and cluster analyses indicate that Cd is associated with total organic carbon whereas Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn have a close association with Mn.