三峡水库水位涨落带土地资源的初步研究

三峡大坝建成后,将在库区两岸形成永久性的水位涨落带。涨落带冬半年为水域,丰半年出露水面成陆,是一种具有多功能的土地资源类型,在夏半年,涨落带成陆面积大,成陆期较长,与同期丰富的光热水资源构成优势组合,使涨落带土地具有较高的生产潜力。对三峡库区水位落带土地资源的质量、数量和分布特点进行分析,在此基础上提出了合理利用的设想。     

淮河流域及洪泽湖水质的演变趋势分析

利用洪泽湖及其淮河入湖河段的水质监测数据，分析了近30年来洪泽湖水质的变化趋势，重点研究了“八五”、“九五”期间洪泽湖水质的季节与年际变化规律；通过对淮河干流、省界河流代表站及全流域国家基本站水质监测数据的综合分析，论述了淮河流域水质变化的总体趋势；研究表明，全流域水质恶化的趋势已经基本得到遏止，水质有所改善，但波动性大，部分河段特别是省界河流污染仍然较严重，集中排污所引起的污染事故仍时有发生。近几年“达标排放”等污染治理工作取得了显著的成就，但“淮河、洪泽湖水变清”，依然“任重道远”；淮河流域位于温度变化的南北过渡带，当属于我国最大的Ecotone(生态交错带）类型之一，建议基于其Ecotone的生态实质，进行流域污染的治理和生态的重建工作。     

三峡库区香溪河流域河岸带种子植物区系研究

根据详细的植物群落调查资料,对三峡库区香溪河流域河岸带种子植物区系进行了研究。结果表明：河岸带维管束种类在科级水平上占神农架的65.8％,在属级水平上占47.3％,在种级水平上占26.7％。河岸带植物区系的性质为温带特性,与神农架地区种子植物属的性质相一致。河岸带这一独特自然景观的植物区系在整个区域自然景观中具有相当的代表性。在香溪河流域河岸带中,维管束植物种类较丰富,分布着大量的珍稀濒危植物种类,表明河岸带在生物多样性保护中具有重要的作用。     

循环经济理念在区域战略环评中的应用

文章论述了循环经济理念在区域战略环评中应用的必要性,并以北京亦庄新城为例,提出了如何针对现有的经济与产业结构中存在的问题,构建循环经济发展原则下的生态工业园区的要点与基本方案.     

Testing a Simple Field Method for Assessing Nitrate Removal in Riparian Zones1

Abstract: Being able to identify riparian sites that function better for nitrate removal from groundwater is critical to using efficiently the riparian zones for water quality management. For this purpose, managers need a method that is quick, inexpensive, and accurate enough to enable effective management decisions. This study assesses the precision and accuracy of a simple method using three ground water wells and one measurement date for determining nitrate removal characteristics of riparian buffer zones. The method is a scaled‐down version of a complex field research method that consists of a large network of wells and piezometers monitored monthly for over two years. Results using the simplified method were compared to those from the reference research method on a date‐by‐date basis on eight sites covering a wide range of hydrogeomorphic settings. The accuracy of the three‐well, 1 day measurement method was relatively good for assessing nitrate concentration depletion across riparian zones, but poor for assessing the distance necessary to achieve a 90% nitrate removal and for estimating water and nitrate fluxes compared to the reference method. The simplified three‐well method provides relatively better estimates of water and nitrate fluxes on sites where ground‐water flow is parallel to the water table through homogeneous aquifer material, but such conditions may not be geographically widespread. Despite limited overall accuracy, some parameters that are estimated using the simplified method may be useful to water resource managers. Nitrate depletion information may be used to assess the adequacy of existing buffers to achieve nitrate concentration goals for runoff. Estimates of field nitrate runoff and buffer removal fluxes may be adequate for prioritizing management toward sites where riparian buffers are likely to have greater impact on stream water quality.     

江苏-南黄海地区断裂带附近的小震活动与主震的关系

通过对 1 970年以来 ,江苏南黄海地区的 9次ML>5 4中强地震发生前的中小震活动分析 ,发现该地区ML>5 4中强地震 (本文称为主震 )发生前 2～ 3年内均有一系列ML3 0左右中小地震发生 ,而且这些中小地震的空间分布与主震在同一断裂带上。根据断裂带上的中小震活动情况 ,运用地震活动性的有关分析方法 ,对未来地震进行外推 ,并进行检验。得出 ,可以将断裂带附近发生的一些ML3 0左右的小震 ,视为该断裂带上将要发生的主震     

Analysis of a gas-phase partitioning tracer test conducted in an unsaturated fractured-clay formation

The gas-phase partitioning tracer method was used to estimate non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), water, and air saturations in the vadose zone at a chlorinated-solvent contaminated field site in Tucson, AZ. The tracer test was conducted in a fractured-clay system that is the confining layer for the underlying regional aquifer. Three suites of three tracers were injected into wells located 14, 24, and 24 m from a single, central extraction well. The tracers comprised noble gases (traditionally thought to be nonsorbing), alkanes (primarily water partitioning), perfluorides (primarily NAPL partitioning), and halons (both NAPL and water partitioning). Observations of vacuum response were consistent with flow in a fractured system. The halon tracers exhibited the greatest amount of retardation, and helium and the perfluoride tracers the least. The alkane tracers were unexpectedly more retarded than the perfluoride tracers, indicating low NAPL saturations and high water saturations. An NAPL saturation of 0.01, water saturation of 0.215, and gas saturation of 0.775 was estimated based on analysis of the suite of tracers comprising helium, perfluoromethylcyclohexane and dibromodifluoromethane, which was considered to be the most robust set. The estimated saturations compare reasonably well to independently determined values.     

河岸混合植物带改善河水水质的现场研究

在1年的时间里在现场利用混合植物河岸带、无植物空白带对受污染河水进行处理.对COD、NH 4、TP、浊度和水温进行了监测,并比较了不同季节里混合植物带改善河水水质的效果.混合植物带在夏、秋季改善河水水质的效果好于冬、春季.混合植物带在夏季对COD、NH4 -N、TP和浊度的去除率分别为37.01%、69.21%、62.45%和99.17%,在冬季对河水水质也有一定程度的改善.混合植物带可以降低河水温度及河水早晚温差,起到改善局部水环境的作用.混合植物带与空白带的对比表明植物对去除水中污染物、改善局部水环境起着重要作用.     

略论建设长江经济带

强调指出长江沿岸地区是我国本世纪末或更长时期内重点开发的地区之一,论述了建设长江经济带的必要性和长江流域的资源秉赋,提出了建设长江经济带的基本构想以及应采取的战略措施。     

Long-term dynamics of radioactive <Superscript>90</Superscript>Sr and <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs contamination of small mammals in the Chernobyl zone

Between 1986 and 1994, a decrease in nonalimentary ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs intake and changes in the accessibility of radionuclides in the soil-plant link of their cycle resulted in a 10-to 100-fold decrease in their specific activity (SA) in the bodies of small mammals inhabiting the Chernobyl zone, and a similar decrease was observed in the radionuclide transition factor (TF) in the soil-animal chain. Between 1995 and 2005, no consistent increase or decrease in SA or TF could be revealed against the background of a combined effect of different physicochemical and ecological factors. It is suggested that subsequent changes in the level of radioactive contamination of small mammals will generally reflect only the dynamics of physical ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs decay, but, nevertheless, seasonal and local variations in this level will be significant.