三峡库区消落带沉积物-水界面汞的扩散特征

通过模拟实验研究了三峡库区消落带沉积物-水界面汞及甲基汞的扩散。结果表明,三峡库区消落带浅水沉积物中的甲基汞占总汞的比例为0.41%±0.29%,深水沉积物中的甲基汞占总汞的比例为0.74%±0.52%。深水沉积物比浅水沉积物具有更高的甲基汞产率。随着淹水时间的延长,沉积物中甲基汞的含量呈指数增长。沉积物中的甲基汞生成动力学方程符合零级反应方程。沉积物中无机汞的扩散以Freundlich修正式拟合效果最好,相对好氧的环境更有利于沉积物中无机汞的释放。相应地,甲基汞的扩散以抛物线扩散方程拟合效果最好,黑暗厌氧的环境更有利于沉积物中甲基汞的释放。三峡库区消落带沉积物-水界面无机汞的扩散通量为154.65±47.12~160.23±56.19 ng/(m~2·d),甲基汞扩散通量为7.61±3.39~7.79±4.56 ng/(m~2·d)。随着淹水时间的增加,孔隙水无机汞及甲基汞向上覆水体的释放通量均表现为先增加后减小的趋势。沉积物中的甲基汞对上覆水体甲基汞含量的贡献率为1.5%~14.3%,释放量为0.28~0.85 kg/a。而沉积物中的汞对上覆水体汞含量的贡献率为0.20%~1.70%,释放量为5.64~17.55 kg/a。     

倾斜工作面底板破坏深度计算方法研究

煤层倾角是影响底板破坏带深度的一个重要因素,为深入研究煤层倾角对底板破坏带深度的影响,采用断裂力学理论建立了煤层倾角对底板破坏带深度影响的计算模型,得出由于煤层倾角的存在,倾斜工作面上部破坏带深度小于下部破坏带深度。收集我国大量的突水案例与煤层倾角统计数据,以及破坏带深度与煤层倾角统计数据,从突水案例数据可以看出倾斜工作面下部由于底板破坏造成的突水次数明显多于上部,从破坏带深度与煤层倾角变化趋势可以看出随着倾角增大破坏带深度也在增大。统计得到数据的结论与应用断裂力学模型分析得到的结论一致。最后对建立的破坏带深度计算模型井下质量检验,检验结果显示该计算模型的精度较高,符合现场应用的要求。     

长江中下游 南黄海地震带地震活动趋势分析

对长江中下游 南黄海地震带地震活跃期、幕划分及其发展趋势进行了研究,对江苏及其邻区今后几年的地震大形势及重点危险区进行了判定。分析认为,长南带从１９７１年以来进入第二活跃期的第３幕,该幕地震活动将持续到２０１０年前后,最高活动水平为６．５级左右。今后几年江苏东部至南黄海海域发生５～６级或６级以上地震的可能性较大。     

Developments in dutch coastline management: Conclusions from the second governmental coastal report

In 1990 the Dutch government decided to stop any further long-term landward retreat of the coastline. This policy choice for a ‘dynamic preservation’ is primarily aimed at safety against flooding and at sustainable preservation of the values and interests concerning the dunes and beaches. Five years later, a first overview of the benefits and bottlenecks of the new coastal defence policy could be presented, which was published in the second governmental coastal report ‘Kustbalans 1995’ (coastal balance 1995). This consists of three elements: (1) evaluation of the implementation of ‘dynamic preservation’, (2) the consequences of several natural and anthropogenic developments in the coastal zone and (3) integrated coastal zone management. The present report describes experiences of Dutch coastline management and summarizes the main conclusions of the second governmental report. The overall conclusion of the evaluation study is that the 1990 choice for ‘dynamic preservation’ was right. Sand supply is an effective method of coastline maintenance, which also serves functional uses in the beach and dune area. However, nearly a doubling of the supply volume is necessary to compensate for sand losses in the coastal zone. A more integrated management of the coastal zone is necessary to find an equilibrium between the interests of socio-economic development and the maintenance of a natural, dynamic system.     

A GIS-based vulnerability assessment of coastal natural hazards,state of Pará, Brazil

Studies carried out in the NE coastal zone of the State of Pará (Brazil) have recorded, in the last 25 years, numerous evidence of natural impacts of the flood and erosion processes. As a consequence, diverse strategies and measures of population adaptation have been implemented but with limited success. Therefore, in order to subsidize the Coastal Zone Management Program of Pará, this paper aims to identify, assess and classify natural and socio-economic vulnerabilities of this coastal zone by means of a Geographical Information Systems (GIS)-based composite coastal vulnerability index (CVI). In spite of the data problems and shortcomings, using ESRI’s Arcview 3.2 program, the CVI score, to classify, weight and combine a number of 16 separate natural and socio-economic variables to create a single indicator provides a reliable measure of differences (5 classes) among regions and communities that are exposed to similar ranges of hazards. The results are presented in three maps referred to as Natural, Socioeconomic and Total Vulnerability. The confidence associated with the results obtained, the need to utilize another variables, and to frequently update the ones used already were analyzed and discussed.     

区域大气环境质量变化趋势研究

本文研究了城市及其开发区域大气环境质量变化趋势的计算方法，并对一城市开发区进行了实例研究，应用本文的方法可以对城市及其开发区进行多点源和的影响下大气环境质量模拟。预测，评价与规划。     

中亚热带木兰科基因库营建技术研究

本文介绍了中亚热带木兰科基因库营建技术和方法;经过多年收集,基因库共栽培木兰科植物7属82种,通过对木兰科植物幼树生长结果的分析,认为在82种中长势尚好者有33种,生长优良者有14种;据此,确定了16种优良用材树种和34种优良园林绿化树种。     

Geochemical and Geophysical Monitoring of Salinewater Intrusion in Korean Paddy Fields

The saline water intruded zone in paddy fields near the seashore can be diagnosed accurately by joint exploration with geophysical and geochemical methods. Using the electromagnetic (EM) sounding technique, the weakly consolidated zone which introduces saline water into such an area of near seashore paddy fields in Korea was detected from the variation of electrical conductivity distribution following field irrigation. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) with Schlumberger array and chemical analysis of top soils, and groundwater in the study area verified the intruded zone near the surface. The VES results showed that the intrusion of seawater occurred in the form of a channel down to 30 m below sea level. Geochemical analysis of the top soil samples for the six major elements found in seawater indicated that the region showing high concentrations is concordant with the weakly consolidated zone near the surface. The degree of contamination in the study area was investigated by comparing the soil data with those from a nearby old reclamation field. If remediation work is not done for this intrusion zone, the sodicity degree in the paddy soil is expected to increase compared with the reference site data.     

滇池流域非点源污染控制区划研究

湖泊的恢复是一个复杂的系统工程，非点源污染的控制则是其中最重要的内容。本文介绍了滇池非点源污染物的来源，根据其污染特征和流域的生态特征，划分出了六片污染控制区，并提出了相应的治理措施。     

抚顺市中心城区生态功能区划

抚顺市中心城区的生态环境质量和生态功能的维护对整个市域的生态环境安全起到举足轻重的作用。文中根据抚顺中心城区用地现状和城市总体规划，将抚顺市中心城区生态功能区进行了划分，提出生态保护功能区建设方案，指出中心城区生态空间建设战略的重点是结合水系、主要交通廊道和大型绿地构筑中心城区完整的景观生态格局，改善城市人居环境、塑造城市生态形象。