The Nile delta-Alexandria coast: vulnerability to sea-level rise,consequences and adaptation

Like many delta systems, the coastal zoneof the Nile delta has been designated as avulnerable zone to a rising sea level as aconsequence of expected climate changescombined with geological and human factors.In view of the understanding of thesefactors, a degree of vulnerabilityanalysis has been carried out to betterlocate which sectors need to be assessedand adapted to possible sea level rise(SLR) for the Nile delta-Alexandria region of Egypt.Results reveal that not all of the coastalzones of the Nile delta are vulnerable toaccelerated sea-level rise at the samelevel. Based on multiple criteria the Niledelta-Alexandria coast can be categorizedinto vulnerable (30%), invulnerable (55%)and artificially protected coastalstretches (15%). These criteria include:local subsidence or uplifting, relativesea-level rise (RSLR), land topography,width of lagoon barriers, beach-face slope,high-elevated features such as dunes andridges, eroding and accreting coastlinesand protection works.Moreover, this study evaluates thelong-term relative sea-level rise andsubsidence rates along the Nile delta andAlexandria coasts. Statistical analysis oflong-term tide gauge data recorded atAlexandria, Burullus and Port Said yieldsvalues of 1.6, 1.0 and 2.2 mm/yr,respectively. These values of relativesea-level rise and long-term subsidencerate obtained from age-dated sediment coresections are inconsistent: long-termsubsidence appears to be larger (maximum of7 mm/ yr). This discrepancy might beexplained if the subsidence is episodic,and occurs rather abruptly during majorearthquakes that occur every few hundredyears associated with fault trend lines.Rising sea levels could have significantlongterm impacts on the Nile delta,including the distribution of ground watersalinity and erosion of the narrow andlow-lying barriers of the Burullus andManzala lagoons. Adaptive measures alongthe study area particularly those relatedto coastal protective structures are alsoevaluated.     

相干结构涡中NOx的初生形态

首次应用六线涡量探针测量了大型电站锅炉四角燃烧器射流形成的涡量场 ,发现了射流向火侧相干结构性质的涡 ,采用兰金复合涡 (RankineVortex)旋涡模型描述了该剪切大涡的尺度及其旋转速度 ,该剪切大涡的涡核半径r0 为 2 5mm ,流体微团作刚体式旋转的角速度为 - 1.5 6× 10 5r min ,应用粒子在相干结构中运动的研究成果以及燃料型NOx 的生成和破坏机理 ,分析了NOx 在相干结构涡中的初生形态 ,射流向火侧剪切大涡的结构里 ,在剪切大涡的边缘会形成富燃料区 ,当过量空气系数α <1时 ,燃料N会尽可能多地转化成挥发分N ,并且在还原性气氛条件下 ,燃料N转变为分子N2 ,由挥发分N生成的NOx 会大大减少 ;在剪切大涡的涡核内 ,是α>1的贫燃料区 ,设法降低过量空气系数α ,可以抑制NOx 的生成     

与韧性剪切带有关的不同金矿化类型地质地球化学特征对比研究

与韧性剪切带有关的金矿化类型主要有蚀变糜棱岩型、构造蚀变岩型和石英脉型。不同金矿化类型具有不同的控矿构造类型 ,蚀变糜棱岩型金矿化受韧性变形带控制 ,构造蚀变岩型金矿化受脆性碎裂岩控制 ,石英脉型金矿化则受浅部裂隙带控制 ;未矿化糜棱岩变形越强 ,金元素含量就越低 ,超糜棱岩明显低于粗糜棱岩 ,但强烈变形的糜棱岩容易叠加后期的矿化蚀变 ;在时空关系上 ,同一成矿期内石英脉型金矿化稍晚于构造蚀变岩型和蚀变糜棱岩型金矿化 ,且石英脉型往往穿切蚀变糜棱岩型和构造蚀变岩型 ;在地球化学特征方面 ,与构造蚀变岩型和蚀变糜棱岩型相比 ,石英脉型的轻重稀土元素比值较大 ,更富集轻同位素 ;在成矿物理化学条件方面 ,与构造蚀变岩型和蚀变糜棱岩型相比 ,石英脉型的成矿温度低、压力小、成矿深度浅。从构造带成生演化的时空统一的角度分析可知 ,这三类金矿化都是在造山过程中韧性剪切带持续演化变形的条件下形成的 ,这种韧性剪切带持续演化变形是形成大型金矿床的重要条件之一。     

江西九岭南坡韧性剪切带与推覆构造成因联系的讨论

本文从基本构造特征与运动机制、变形变质作用与构造层次及形成时代等方面，阐述了江西九岭南坡韧性剪切带与推覆构造的各自特征及其关系。指出：两者无直接的成因联系，前者并不是后者的根带，它们是不同运动机制、不同构造层次、不同地质时代的产物。     

界河黑龙江下游沿岸饮用井水中硝基苯的污染研究

松花江硝基苯污染事件不仅对松花江干流造成危害,也影响到界河黑龙江的水质.本文通过调查、实验,在界河黑龙江下游对硝基苯污染带到达前、到达期间和过后进行研究,论证了界河黑龙江沿岸井水没有受到硝基苯污染的影响.     

秦峪滑坡的时空格局研究

秦峪滑坡是国道212线上最严重的滑坡之一,以前对其研究程度较浅,认识深度不够,导致该滑坡至今未得到有效治理。以地球系统科学为指导,在大量现场调研、现场测试和室内试验的基础上,对该滑坡进行了系统研究,研究成果表明,秦峪滑坡是一个在断裂带基础上发育的一个多层次、多期次大型滑坡群组合体。同时从物质和能量的转换角度,恢复演化时序,建立了滑坡的时空格局,并进而探讨其演化机制。研究结果获得了秦峪滑坡客观的本质认识,为国道212线秦峪滑坡的治理以及拟建兰州—海口高速公路的选线和设计提供理论依据。     

Sulfate reduction behavior in pressure-bearing leachate saturated zone

Attention should be paid to the sulfate reduction behavior in a pressure-bearing leachate saturated zone. In this study, within the relative pressure range of 0–0.6 MPa, the ambient temperature with the highest sulfate reduction rate of 50°C was selected to explore the difference in sulfate reduction behavior in a pressure-bearing leachate saturated zone. The results showed that the sulfate reduction rate might further increase with an increase in pressure; however, owing to the effect of pressure increase, the generated hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) could not be released on time, thereby decreasing its highest concentration by approximately 85%, and the duration extended to about two times that of the atmospheric pressure. Microbial community structure and functional gene abundance analyses showed that the community distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria was significantly affected by pressure conditions, and there was a negative correlation between disulfide reductase B (dsrB) gene abundance and H₂S release rate. Other sulfate reduction processes that do not require disulfide reductase A (dsrA) and dsrB genes may be the key pathways affecting the sulfate reduction rate in the pressure-bearing leachate saturated zone. This study improves the understanding of sulfate reduction in landfills as well as provides a theoretical basis for the operation and management of landfills.     

Mixed surfactant washing of petroleum contaminants from the soils and sediments in the unsaturated zone

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地下水源保护区划分方法的探讨

科学地划分和建立水源地保护区是保护地下水水质的重要手段。文中依据国内外划定水源地保护区的研究进展，阐述了沈阳市水源地保护区的划分方法，给出了应用实例。     

滇池李居山生态恢复区昆虫多样性调查与分析

对昆明呈贡李居山原磷矿生态恢复区进行了昆虫多样性调查,结果发现,不同生境和植被下的昆虫相不同.无植被的裸地样方昆虫类群最少,数量也最少,自然生长恢复的杂草植被样方昆虫多样性最为丰富.当年植草坡有昆虫4目10科15种,科数占恢复区科总数的31.3%,物种数仅为恢复区总种数的1/4.植草一年的草坡有昆虫10目31科54种,物种数占恢复区总种数的3/4,昆虫相组成与自然生长恢复的杂草山坡更为接近.