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421.
422.
India has good reasons to be concerned about climate change as it could adversely affect the achievement of vital national development goals related to socio‐economic development, human welfare, health, energy availability and use, and infrastructure. The paper attempts to develop a framework for integrated impact assessment and adaptation responses, using a recently built railroad coastal infrastructure asset in India as an example. The framework links climate change variables — temperature, rainfall, sea level rise, extreme events, and other secondary variables — and sustainable development variables — technology, institutions, economic, and other policies. The study indicates that sustainable development variables generally reduce the adverse impacts on the system due to climate change alone, except when they are inadequately applied. The paper concludes that development is a vital variable for integrated impact assessment. Well crafted developmental policies could result in a less‐GHG intensive future, enhanced adaptive capacities of communities and systems, and lower impacts due to climate change. 相似文献
423.
Waite L 《Disasters》2000,24(2):153-172
This research tries to reach an understanding of the well-being of female-headed household members through a comparison to male-headed household members in the collectives of the Suleimaniyah governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan. Research was undertaken in five collectives in Suleimaniyah during the summer of 1998. The research contributes to the current gender and development debates which are concerned with improving the understanding of the specific gendered forms of disadvantage faced by female-headed households rather than assuming the universal poverty of this group. An understanding of well-being is approached through a broad conceptualisation of vulnerability in preference to a narrow poverty definition. That the findings of this research are complex attests to the multi-dimensional and mutually constitutive gendered experiences of vulnerability. The definitive conclusion to emerge from this research is a refuting of the rhetoric-fuelled stereotype that households headed by women are at a disadvantage in all the dimensions of vulnerability in comparison to households headed by men. The research also establishes the methodological necessity of examining intra-household distributive mechanisms that determine individuals' well-being. 相似文献
424.
Degradation Model: A Quantitative EIA Instrument,Acting as a Decision Support System (DSS) for Environmental Management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Makhdoum MF 《Environmental management》2002,30(1):151-156
Environmental assessment of alternative development plans, programs, and policies may bring conflict among decision-makers,
particularly when some quantitative measures for decision-making are needed and where cumulative impacts are neglected. Environmental
impact assessment (EIA) and environmental economics theories, despite their usefulness, are not capable of addressing those
issues and problems alone. In recent years, the decision support system (DSS) has provided some solutions, but mathematical
analysis of the system to show the internal structure of the problem is not always possible.
To addres the above shortcomings and ongoing problems of decision-making in Iran, a degradation model (DM) was introduced
as an instrument of EIA, to act as a DSS for managers. The model is a compromise between knowledge-based decision support
systems, detailed models, digested information models, and the basic theorem of environmental economics. In the present study
(1996–2000), the model was applied in three provinces of Iran, representing three of four biogeographical regions of Iran.
The study area was divided into a set of grids (100 km2). The degradation coefficient (H) was computed for all grids (1333), representing the degree of degradation in the grid. It is obvious that the higher the
coefficient the more area is degraded and less prone to further development, and vice versa. In order to provide decision-makers
with a set of quantitative measures to observe impacted areas (critical and noncritical) for resource allocation and further
development, the degradation coefficients of all grids were classified into categories and criteria, using a fuzzy set theoretic
approach. Accordingly, only 24% of study areas are prone to further development. The degradation model as a knowledge-based
decision support system has its strengths and weaknesses, but it has solved managers' ongoing problems in Iran and it could
be used elsewhere. 相似文献
425.
426.
从供给角度对地震灾害国民经济体系易损性的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以投入产出分析为基础,从供给的角度提出了对地震灾害国民经济体系易损性分析方法,为经济体系生命线工程的确定和防灾、抗灾投入的有效实施提供了基础。 相似文献
427.
电力系统地震易损性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用专家咨询方法研究了我国电力系统设施及功能的地震易损性,详细论述了所使用的方法及其步骤,给出了设施易损性和功能易损性的调查结果。数据的统计处理表明,这些结果可以用Logistic曲线得到很好的拟合。地震烈度的临界点出现在Ⅸ度与X度之间。本文的结果不但具有理论价值,而且具有应用价值。 相似文献
428.
中国经济系统地震易损性分析 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
本文分析了地震对经济系统功能的破坏。在现有数据的基础上建立了一个经济模型,用于定量分析地震对经济的破坏。并进一步提出了一个动态区域经济模型的原理和基本结构,当数据条件具备即可建立模型。这样一个动态模型可确切地描述地震对经济系统的破坏及破坏后的恢复过程。 相似文献
429.
R.A. Warrick G.J. Kenny G.C. Sims W. Ye G. Sem 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》1999,1(2):157-170
This paper describes a training course on climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment. The course, developed in partnership with the CC:TRAIN Programme of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), aims to enhance the capacity of developing countries to make their national communications to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The paper focuses on a simulation model called VANDACLIM, which was developed as a pedagogical tool to facilitate the training. Four sectors are modelled within VANDACLIM (agriculture, public health, water resources, and coastal zone) and are used as a basis for helping to conduct an integrated, multi-sectoral assessment for the imaginary, sub-tropical country of Vanda. The learning-by-doing approach, encapsulated in the application of VANDACLIM to complete a mini-assessment for Vanda, proved to be very successful when trialled at a training workshop in Zimbabwe. Both the training course and VANDACLIM have been adapted subsequently for application in small island states and plans are underway for extension to other environments and regions of the world. 相似文献
430.
为明晰辱虐管理、自我损耗和工作倦怠对安全绩效的作用机理,在文献研究和开放式访谈的基础上,建立四者关系的假设模型。采用辱虐管理量表、自我损耗量表、工作倦怠量表和安全绩效量表对389名员工进行调查,通过SPSS和AMOS进行相关分析和中介效应检验验证假设模型。结果表明,辱虐管理、自我损耗和工作倦怠两两之间均呈显著正相关,而辱虐管理、自我损耗和工作倦怠三者均与安全绩效呈显著负相关。辱虐管理不仅可以直接预测安全绩效,还可以通过3条路径间接影响安全绩效:通过自我损耗的独立中介作用;通过工作倦怠的独立中介作用;通过自我损耗和工作倦怠的链式中介作用。有效干预辱虐管理、自我损耗和工作倦怠,能提升安全绩效水平,减少人因失误。 相似文献