循环冷却水水垢中锌含量测定优化实验研究

对工业循环冷却水水垢中锌含量的测定方法进行了系统优化,主要考察了样品酸度、缓冲溶液添加量、试剂时效性、样品中铁离子量、掩蔽剂量和滴定剂浓度对锌含量检测效果的影响。结果表明:样品酸度控制在pH=4.9~5.1范围内,乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液添加量为30 m L时,锌含量检出值最大,指示剂灵敏度最佳;试剂乙酸-乙酸钠在20 d内使用、二甲酚橙指示剂即配即用对滴定终点的判断效果较好;锌含量测定前应先检测样品中铁离子含量,若铁离子≥40%则应先沉淀过滤后方可进行测定;锌含量检出值随掩蔽剂添加量呈先升后降的趋势,并在3.2 g时滴定效果最佳;滴定剂浓度为0.010 mol/L时锌含量检出值最高;优化实验测定结果接近真实值,方法准确可靠。     

How communities' perceptions of disasters influence disaster response: managing landslides on Mount Elgon,Uganda

The aim of this paper is to assess the role of people's perception in disaster management. It is based on a study carried out along the slopes of Mount Elgon in Eastern Uganda. People living in the study area have experienced a number of landslides, but the landslide in 2010 had the most far‐reaching effects on community livelihoods and resulted in a major setback to development efforts in the area. Experiences of landslides have enabled the local people to develop a number of interpretations of the causes and effects of the phenomena. The study revealed that community members did not share uniform perceptions. Whereas some members advanced technical or physical explanations for the 2010 disaster, others believed that some form of divine power was behind it. Strengthening social networks and integrating communities' perceptions in intervention mechanisms were identified as possible ways of managing future landslide disasters.     

油类废水采样器的优化研究

一般说来,在水体中油的分布是很不均匀的,除少部分乳化状油较为均匀地存在于水体,大部分多分散浮于水面,若用普通采水器完全不能满足要求.因此,油类的环境监测采样要求必须单独使用采样器或专用采样器,并应定容或定面积采样,且不得在实验室再行分样.该研究根据永州市废水污染源的特点,设计制作出水中不均匀分布污染物油类的专用采样器,研究结果表明,其精密度和准确度方面明显优于普通采水器.     

Forecasting of dissolved oxygen in the Guanting reservoir using an optimized NGBM (1,1) model

An optimized nonlinear grey Bernoulli model was proposed by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the parameter optimization problem. In addition, each item in the first-order accumulated generating sequence was set in turn as an initial condition to determine which alternative would yield the highest forecasting accuracy. To test the forecasting performance, the optimized models with different initial conditions were then used to simulate dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Guanting reservoir inlet and outlet (China). The empirical results show that the optimized model can remarkably improve forecasting accuracy, and the particle swarm optimization technique is a good tool to solve parameter optimization problems. What's more, the optimized model with an initial condition that performs well in in-sample simulation may not do as well as in out-of-sample forecasting.     

Forecasting of dissolved oxygen in the Guanting reservoir using an optimized NGBM (1,1) model

An optimized nonlinear grey Bernoulli model was proposed by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the parameter optimization problem. In addition, each item in the first-order accumulated generating sequence was set in turn as an initial condition to determine which alternative would yield the highest forecasting accuracy. To test the forecasting performance, the optimized models with different initial conditions were then used to simulate dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Guanting reservoir inlet and outlet (China). The empirical results show that the optimized model can remarkably improve forecasting accuracy, and the particle swarm optimization technique is a good tool to solve parameter optimization problems. What's more, the optimized model with an initial condition that performs well in in-sample simulation may not do as well as in out-of-sample forecasting.     

绿色大学环境能源优化研究

绿色大学是在日益严重的环境问题背景下生态文明和社会可持续发展理念融合于校园的必然趋势.作为技术传承和创新的主体,积极探索和深化高校能源改革具有非常重要的意义.本文以中国石油大学的面板数据作为数据研究基础,结合气候能源因素,提出基于综合节能模型的绿色大学构想,采用簇聚类和遗传优化进行能源整合,动态评估后进行系统参数加权优化,从而达到能源优化使用的目标.实践表明,该模型有效提升能源效率和改善环境,具有重要的应用意义.     

浙江省"十二五"城市声环境监测点位优化调整研究

随着城市建设步伐的加快,人口数量增多,城市基础设施的完善,建成区的扩大和功能区类型的改变,"十二五"城市声环境监测点位的调整、优化是必然趋势.本文结合浙江省"十二五"城市声环境监测点位优化布设的实际工作情况,对城市声环境监测点位优化布点原则、方法等进行了阐述.以"十一五"声环境监测点位布设现状为基础,结合功能区环境噪声的普查数据,对优化选点监测数据进行分析,选出具有空间分布适当,可以保证设备安全,方便操作,并且数据具有较好的代表性的测点.优化调整后,城市区域环境噪声有效网格覆盖面积增加了80.8%,道路交通噪声监测总路长增加了67.0%,功能区定点噪声测点数量增加了129.2%,优化调整后的监测点位更能客观反映城市区域环境噪声实际情况.     

水资源规划优化技术研究进展及展望

针对水资源管理与规划的发展过程,详细论述了水资源系统管理与规划中常用优化技术的国内外研究成果及应用.根据是否考虑了模型参数或者模型结构的不确定性问题,将优化模型分为确定性优化模型和不确定性优化模型,通过对不确定性优化模型的介绍指出了不确定性优化是当前水资源系统优化的热点,同时指出未来不确定性优化技术发展方向等.     

多目标优化方法在区域水资源优化配置中的应用——以唐山市为例

水资源供需矛盾日益加剧,如何优化配置区域内有限的水资源已成为水资源规划与管理研究中的热点.本文在考虑不同水质和水源的基础上,研究了决策变量的约束条件,综合考虑不同用水户的用水效益,采用工业、生活、环境和农业多目标优化的方法,按照决策者的不同意愿,给出不同的配置方案,即一系列非劣解集.通过调用Matlab优化工具箱中的函数对其进行求解,给出了5种不同的水资源优化配置方案,能够合理配置唐山市区内有限的水资源,使得该区域内环境、社会与经济协调发展.     

The derivation of radionuclide transfer parameters for and dose-rates to an adult ringed seal (Phoca hispida) in an Arctic environment

Radionuclide transfer parameters and dose-rates for an adult ringed seal from Svalbard have been determined based on empirical and estimated tissue activity concentrations and detailed dietary and habitat information. Whole-body equivalent concentration factors determined for anthropogenic radionuclides ranged from 10(1) ((90)Sr) to 10(2) ((137)Cs, (238)Pu and (239,240)Pu), while natural radionuclides ranged from 10(2) ((210)Pb) to 10(4) ((210)Po). Employing a dietary composition of 40% fish, 40% zooplankton and 20% benthic invertebrates, a whole-body biological half-life of 29 days was derived for (137)Cs. A total dose-rate of approximately 0.19microGyh(-1) (1.7mGya(-1)) was derived for an adult ringed seal; this dose-rate is virtually entirely attributable to the internal components of (210)Po and (40)K. The dose-rates associated with the presence of anthropogenically derived radionuclides in the present assessment fall many orders of magnitude below the dose-rates at which any biological effects would be expected.