耗散结构理论在矿井通风系统优化中的应用

利用耗散结构理论，以系统的影响参数作为切入点，对矿井通风系统的形成过程、系统平衡等进行描述，据此得出了一些探讨性结沦，这些有助于矿井通风系统优化与控制的计算机模拟。     

模糊综合评价在脱硫技术优选中的应用

基于模糊数学的基本原理，采用模糊矩阵和专家打分法(德尔菲法)相结合的方法，通过模糊综合评价来进行脱硫方案的优选。实例计算表明，此方法在脱硫技术优选中是可行的。     

WATERSHED AND INSTREAM IMPACTS ON THE FISH POPULATION IN THE SOUTH FORK OF THE CLEARWATER RIVER,IDAHO1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis performed for the watershed and stream corridor in the South Fork of the Clearwater River (SFCR) basin, in north central Idaho. The analysis was performed for 61 six‐field hydrological unit codes (HUCs) of the SFCR basin using an extensive record (up to 100 years) for 50 watershed and in‐stream parameters, including hydrologic, flow, fish, anthropogenic, and natural activity data. The objective of this research was twofold: first, the development of quantitative relations that describe the Index of Fish Density (IFD) of particular fish species as a function of watershed and instream parameters; and second, to provide a robust confirmation for the effects of some of these parameters, previously recorded by the fisheries profession, by using well established statistical techniques. The uniqueness of this work is the compilation and statistical analysis of large data sets to quantitatively describe the impacts of watershed and instream parameters on the IFD of all salmonids and specific fish species. Factor analysis was employed to regroup parameters that are highly correlated to each other into a set of single factors and to relate the IFD to these factors. Using factor extraction, 12 factors were developed from the 50 watershed and instream parameters. Multiple regression diagnostic tests indicated that only 7 of the 12 factors are strong predictors offish indicators. The strongest predictors are longitude, latitude, elevation, watershed gradient, and water temperature. The analysis indicated that the present model has reasonable predictive power, considering the uncertainty involved in estimating the interdependence of IFD with watershed parameters.     

WATERSHED OPTIMIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CONTINUOUS SIMULATION VERSUS DESIGN STORMS1

ABSTRACT: Nonpoint source (NPS) models and expert opinions are often used to prescribe best management practices (BMPs) for controlling NPS pollution. An optimization algorithm (e.g., a genetic algorithm, or GA) linked with a NPS model (e.g., Annualized AGricultural Nonpoint Source pollution model, or AnnAGNPS), can be used to more objectively prescribe BMPs and to optimize NPS pollution control measures by maximizing pollutant reduction and net monetary return from a watershed. Pollutant loads from design storms and annual loads from a continuous simulation can both be used for optimizing BMP schemes. However, which strategy results in a better solution (in terms of providing water quality protection) for a watershed is not clear. The specific objective of the study was to determine the differences in watershed pollutant loads, in an experimental watershed in Pennsylvania, resulting from optimization analyses performed using pollutant loads from a series of five 2‐yr 24‐hr storm events, a series of five 5‐yr 24‐hr storm events, and cumulative pollutant loads from a continuous simulation of five years of weather data. For each of these three different event alternatives, 100 near optimal solutions (BMP schemes) were generated. Sediment (Sed), sediment nitrogen (SedN), dissolved N (SolN), sediment organic carbon (SedOC), and sediment phosphorus (SedP) loads from a different five‐year period (an evaluation period) suggest that the optimal BMP schemes resulting from the use of annual cumulative pollutant loads from a continuous simulation of five years of weather data provide smaller cumulative NPS pollutant loads at the watershed outlet.     

蓄热式加热炉安全技术操作规程优化初探

唐钢中型厂2#加热炉技术改造后，在加热炉设备检修、维修、维护过程中，如何在保证操作安全的同时，保证操作的准确到位，为安全管理工作提出了研究课题。     

粉煤灰静电脱炭技术研究

本文介绍粉煤灰静电脱炭资源化利用技术的试验研究.利用YNDF-I型立式电场粉煤灰脱炭装置进行优化试验,提出电压、极板间距、摩擦分散器材料、粉尘浓度及气体流量等运行工艺特性参数与静电脱炭率的相关关系.试验结果表明,该立式电场脱炭装置在最优工艺参数条件下运行时,可使粉煤灰脱炭后的精灰含炭量降低到1.20%,脱炭率达86.74%,能够直接代替水泥用作建筑材料或修筑公路路面,具有较高的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,为粉煤灰资源化利用提供了一种新的途径.     

A grey multi-objective programming approach for sustainable land-use in the Miyun Reservoir basin, China

Miyun Reservoir is the most important water source to Beijing City. Land-use of the basin plays a great role in the protection of water resources. Hence a sustainable land-use planning is required to optimize land-use structure and protect water resources in the basin. Based on the complete land-use system analysis in Miyun, a grey multi-objective programming to basin land-use(GMOPBLU)model was developed and applied to land-use planning. Two alternatives were produced and analyzed by means of interactive adjustment and scenano analysis. The results showed the GMOPBLU model is a valuable approach for basin land-use planning.     

Residential environmental evaluation of local cities considering regional characteristic and personal residential preference-a case study of Saga City, Japan

Questionnaire surveys and subjective evaluations on residential environment were performed in order to grasp the main factors of residential environment of small local cities. The suitable evaluation index system was established, and the regional residential environment characteristics and personal residential preference types were analyzed, so that their influence on residential environment evaluation could be grasped. The results can be applied to the residential environment planning, construction and monitoring of local cities.     

液相络合-铁粉还原-酸吸收回收法脱除烟气中NO

提出了Fe2+螯合剂络合-铁粉还原-酸吸收回收法脱除烟气中NO的新工艺,重点研究了模拟烟气中O₂含量对NO络合量的影响,以及铁粉用量、铁粉粒径和搅拌速度对脱氮效率的影响,确定了最佳的铁粉脱氮工艺条件,并对铁粉和铁屑的脱氮效果进行了比较.结果表明:烟气中φ(O₂)从0增加到4.2%,NO络合量下降90.2%;脱氮效率随铁粉用量和反应器搅拌速度的增加而增加,随铁粉粒径的增加而降低;最佳工艺参数为,铁粉用量0.8 g,铁粉粒径≥200目(≤0.077 mm),搅拌速度900 r/min,在该条件下,对φ(O₂)为5%的模拟烟气在搅拌反应器中可取得90%以上的脱氮效率;用铁粉在1台搅拌反应器中取得的脱氮效率和用铁屑在2个鼓泡反应器串联时所取得的效率相当.      

Interrupting the balance: reconsidering the complexities of conflict in South Sudan

By the start of 2014, violent conflict had erupted across much of South Sudan following initial violence in Juba on 15 December 2013. The speed with which the fighting has spread raises questions regarding the impact of national‐level politics on violence at the local level. This article develops a framework in which violent conflict can be comprehended as a response to the interruption of the negotiation of the balance of power between groups; the negotiation is interrupted when that balance tips in favour of one group, such as through changes in the national political market or government reforms. The article provides two cases studies of attempts to strengthen the state that inadvertently interrupted local power relations between groups. In response, the groups engaged in violent conflict to reinstate a balance of power. Both examples involve conflict among Dinka groups from 2005 to 2008.