固定源废气监测仪器使用中常见问题及排除

针对固定源废气监测过程中出现的关于监测仪器使用方面(包括传感器、内置泵及日常的校准),监测参数(包括动压、过量空气系数),采样位置不符合要求、烟道面积过大,运行负荷如何确定等常见问题进行了分析、探讨与总结,并提出了相应的改进方法和建议。     

填埋垃圾中TOC含量的测定方法优化

垃圾的TOC含量是评价垃圾矿质腐殖化机理研究的重要指标,以本课题组模拟垃圾填埋系统中的垃圾样品为研究对象,以土壤TOC测定方法为基础,通过单因素实验和正交实验(L25(56))对垃圾样品的TOC的测定方法进行优化。结果表明,TOC测定优化条件为:风干样品(0.1±0.0005)g,Ag2SO40.075 g,0.4 mol/L(1/6K2Cr2O7)-H2SO4溶液(含1/2H2SO412.6 mol/L)10 mL,180℃的砂浴加热45 min。此条件下,RSD小于3.23%,表明该方法精密度高,可行性强。     

酸热处理提剩余污泥胞外聚合物的条件优化

以蛋白质浓度、多糖浓度和DNA浓度为表征,对酸热法提取剩余活性污泥中的胞外聚合物进行了条件优化,考察了pH值、温度和提取时间对破解剩余污泥细胞提胞外聚合物(EPS)效率影响的最优条件,并对EPS提取液进行FT-IR分析。结果表明,影响提取效率大小为pH值>温度>提取时间,酸热处理提胞外聚合物的最佳条件为pH=1.25,T=100℃,t=4 h。     

柴油机SCR催化器载体结构参数优化

提出一种柴油机选择催化还原（SCR）催化器载体结构参数优化的设计方法,根据车用柴油机排量,将SCR催化器载体分为4类,选取载体体积、长度、目数、壁厚和涂层厚5个结构参数为设计变量,以高NO。转化率及低压力损失为优化目标,利用拉丁超立方实验设计选择样本点进行数值模拟,在构建的Kriging近似模型基础上,对载体结构参数采用改进的非支配排序遗传算法NSGA—II（non—dominatedsortinggeneticalgorithm—II）进行优化设计。结果表明：Kriging近似模型的拟合精度较高,结合NSGA—II算法对SCR催化器载体结构参数进行优化是可行的、有效的,不同排量下的优化结果均能够较好地满足设计要求。     

基于最佳摄动量法的桩基承载力反演

通过高应变动力试桩法来获得桩土参数是目前比较流行的试桩方法,其原理主要是通过以桩顶的实测信息来反演桩土参数,其中比较成熟的CAPW APC法主要用试凑法来反演桩土模型参数,其反演结果呈现一定的随机性且正确性过于依赖操作者经验。本文尝试以CAPW APC法所采用比较成熟的桩土模型为基础,引入基于最佳摄动量法的局部优化方法来反演桩土参数。在弹性波波动方程隐式差分的基础上,对反演参数采用摄动展开并推导出参数反演的递推公式,最后给出合适的反演算法。考虑到初始参数对局部优化方法的影响,根据场地的实际情况选取合适的初始模型,计算显示可以获得比较理想的结果,说明本法是对桩基动测方法的一种有效的新尝试。     

Spatial Variation and Space Optimization of the Development of China’s Circular Economy

China's circular economy is still at the initial stage, whose development has many difficulties and problems requiring immediate resolution theoretically and practically. Due to the differences of regions on the scale of land, endowment of resources, economic basis and cultural background, the developmental levels and capabilities of circular economy are inevitably different. Based on establishing the indicator system for assessing the developmental level of regional circular economy, spatial variation of China's circular economy is measured by the quantitative measurement using principal component analysis, and the existing problems are also analyzed and discussed. On one hand, the differences of the development capability of the circular economy of different provinces (cities) are profound in China; ①Difference between the first category (strong) and the second category (relatively strong) is 1.1264 points. Difference between the second category and the third category (relatively weak) is 0.3867 points. Difference between the third category and the fourth category (weak) is 1.0238 points. Difference between the first category and the fourth category reaches up to 2.0869 points. Average difference between the area where the developmental level of circular economy is relatively strong and the area where the developmental level of circular economy is relatively weak is 1.3617 points. ②The differences of the distribution of the areas, with different development capability of circular economy, which are located in the three economic regions of China, are also profound. The regions with a relatively strong development capability of circular economy are mainly located in the eastern economic area, which account for 22.58% of the whole regions, while only account for 12.90% in the middle and western economic areas. On the contrary, the regions with a relatively weak development capability of circular economy account for 48.39% in the middle and western area, while account for 16.13% in the eastern area. On the other hand, among regions with different development capability of circular economy, the regions with a relatively weak development capability of circular economy are in a dominant position, which accountfor 64.52% of all the provinces (cities), which indicates that the development of the China's circular economy still has a long way to go. Though certain achievements have been made in the development of China's circular economy, in general, there are still some obstacles to be tacked in the development of China's circular economy which require the economic, legal and administrative methods.     

基于单纯形-混沌优化算法的边坡稳定性分析

利用混沌现象固有的内在结构进行寻优搜索,为土质边坡的稳定性分析提供了一个新思路。将混沌优化算法的全局搜索能力和单纯形法的局部搜索能力结合起来形成单纯形-混沌优化算法,结合简化Bishop法对边坡进行稳定性分析。单纯形-混沌优化算法搜索到的是全局最优解。通过与遗传算法、改进的模拟退火算法的计算结果对比,表明在保证安全系数一定精度的情况下,单纯形-混沌优化算法搜索到的是最危险滑动面。可见,单纯形-混沌优化算法具有较强的全局搜索能力,结果更可靠。     

Bioconversion of wastes from olive oil industries by vermicomposting process using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia andrei

The present work evaluates the possible bioconversion of wet olive cake by low-cost biostabilization (vermicomposting process). Wet olive cake fresh (WOC), precomposted (WOCP), or mixed with biosolids (WOCB), were vermicomposted for 6 months to obtain organic amendments for agricultural and remediation purposes. The results showed initial differences depending on previous treatment. WOCP was initially more stable, presented a low C:N ratio, and showed more dehydrogenase and urease activity. By contrast, there was no dehydrogenase activity initially in WOC and WOCB, due to the presence of some different types of polyphenols. Finally, the end product showed relatively higher amounts of total nitrogen and humic acid and met the standard of quality for composts and vermicomposts for use both in conventional and organic agriculture and soil-restoration programs.     

高速列车纵向对称面气动噪声计算及外形优化

将大涡模拟法与Lighthill-Curle声学比拟理论相结合,计算了高速列车纵向对称面的气动噪声,探明了纵向对称面气动噪声的频谱特性及其变化规律,得出了车辆连接处的优化外形。结果表明,低频时,气动噪声幅值较大,随着频率升高,幅值下降。当列车运行速度一定时,距离气动噪声源越远,声压的衰减幅度越少。随着列车运行速度增加,距离气动噪声源越远,声压的增幅越小。脉动压力是气动噪声的源,在车辆连接处采用平滑的Nurbs曲线过渡,以减少列车运行过程中产生的脉动压力,能有效降低气动噪声。     

基于GA-BP算法的含油污泥处理 工艺参数优化

在含油污泥进行资源化处理过程中,针对处理目标受多个因素影响的实际,为了解决工艺之间的耦合问题,采用正交实验的方法来解决,并把主要参数作为优化对象,把含油污泥的脱水率作为评价目标,通过采用GA-BP算法对含油污泥耦合工艺正交实验参数进行了线性与非线性分析.在采用遗传算法优化神经网络的权值和阈值的基础上,用优化后的权值和阈值对测试样本和训练样本进行了预测.预测结果表明,预测误差都有明显减小,分别由0.34211减少到0.031549和0.15476减少到0.040682,可见耦合参数趋向于非线性优化.