投入—转化—产出模型在工业污染源监测中的应用

本文把环境经济学中的有关原理和方法引入工业污染源监测工作中。详细介绍了产品物料投入—转化—产出全平衡模型的建立;并在此基础上进行工业污染源工艺剖析和有关计算,确定出工业污染源监测点位的布设和监测频率     

Environmental criteria in industrial facility siting decisions: An analysis

Environmental criteria are increasingly being employed in industrial facility siting, usually in multicriteria decision contexts, together with technical, socioeconomic and other considerations. This paper analyzes the criteria that have appeared in the published literature with the aim to offer guidance for their selection in a particular facility location problem. A number of alternative classification schemes are presented, first based on the most prevalent classification dimensions which are: the economy-environment relationship, purpose of the criterion, complexity, spatial and temporal scale, and level of measurement. The major scheme adopted draws from the economy-environment relationship and assigns environmental critera to one of seven categories: general characterizations of the environment, characteristics of individual environmental components, measures of the magnitude and intensity of the activity, measures of the nature and volume of wastes which are produced, characteristics of impacts on separate environmental media and receptors, general characterizations of environmental quality, and impacts on humans. Within each of these categories the criteria are analyzed in terms of the other classification dimensions. Common characteristics among the various criteria as well as future trends in their development are identified. This paper also discusses the most important factors conditioning the choice of criteria in a particular facility siting context and outlines a systematic procedure for their selection in real-world applications.     

Some thoughts on using a landscape framework to address cumulative impacts on wetland food chain support

Problems of using food chain support as a functional attribute of a wetland are discussed. It is suggested that primary production may not be the metric that best evaluates food chain support. Environmental constructs of the wetland and resultant habitat variables appear to yield more information on life-support functions. A landscape-oriented approach is derived to separate hierarchically the wet-lands into ecological regions and landscape elements. This classification scheme allows for predetermination of environmental constraints and the possible natural limits of wetland food chain support. It is proposed that models derived from spatial location theory be used to determine the movement of animals from wetland patches experiencing impacts on food chain support. Patch size, distance between patches, habitat diversity, and environmental constraints are incorporated in these models.     

The residential lakeshore access allocation problem: Minimizing barrier effects on shoreline habitat buffers

Residential lakeshore development is causing increasing pressure on the lacustrine environment. Traditional landscaping patterns produce lakes ringed with lawns at the expense of the naturally occurring shoreline habitat. In this work, we present a mathematical model to select path locations to minimize impacts on the lakeshore environment, while providing convenient access to the landowners.     

辽河铁岭段水质监测点位布设及分析

对辽河铁岭段水质监测点位布设及各点位在环境监测、研究污染控制、环境管理和制定环境规划等方面的影响及作用进行了分析。     

城市垃圾中转站选址优化模型的建立及其应用

为寻求一种城市垃圾中转站优化选址方法,根据城市垃圾收运系统的特点,引入逆向物流系统选址规划的理念,选用集合覆盖模型对中转站的位置进行初步优化,确定了垃圾中转站的待选点;在此基础上,运用整数规划构建整个城市垃圾收运系统费用现值最小模型,对城市垃圾中转站的初步规划进行二次优化,从待选点中选出垃圾中转站的最优组合,并计算出其分别接纳的垃圾量.通过实例分析,验证了城市垃圾中转站二次优化选址的可行性、实用性,可为垃圾收运系统的规划与设计提供参考依据.     

黄河流域区域发展优势与经济带生成可能

基于进化经济学和进化经济地理学的理论,文章重点讨论了黄河流域的区域发展优势和建成黄河流域经济带的可能性。研究从黄河流域发展的历史出发,论证了黄河流域经济发展的区域地理学本性(nature)条件和现实可能性:第一,黄河流域经济发展的区域地理学本性条件是,该区域已经完成了农业经济建设,出现了遍在性的工业化和经济区人口聚集,特别是经过长期聚集,黄河流域已经形成了中国的人口密集带,形成了具有区域发展优势的中原城市群。第二,在分析黄河流域区域发展优势基础上,提出建成“大中原-黄河经济带”的可能性及其发展途径,即在生态保护的前提下,坚持地理环境的鲁棒性建设,坚持城市创新发展,坚持发展新型产业。第三,地区发展政策重点应该关注中原城市群的工业化-城市化发育和一体化产业链的形成,根据新经济地理学理论,提倡城市产业专业化方向,打破省界限制,发挥经济区的地缘结构优势,在空间上与环渤海经济带融合,完成黄河流域经济带高质量发展的战略构想。     

火源位置对轻型门式刚架竖向位移的影响

为探究总火源功率相同时,两个火源相对位置变化对轻型门式刚架竖向位移的影响规律,采用经实验验证过的有限元方法对其进行瞬态非线性热-结构耦合数值模拟,研究了大功率火灾下单个火源、两个火源位置变化对门式刚架的温度分布以及竖向位移的影响。结果表明:保持火灾总功率30 MW不变时,在单一火源作用下火源位于跨中时刚架位移最大,在两火源作用下,15 MW-15 MW的火源组合最危险、刚架的破坏时间随火源相对距离的增大而增大,功率较大的火源位于临界位置比功率较小的火源位于临界位置有利。且功率较大的火源位于临界位置时,火源相对位置变化对刚架竖向位移的影响不显著,而功率较小的火源位于临界位置时, 影响显著。     

我国资源再生产业集群辨识研究

资源再生产业是解决资源危机、能源短缺和环境污染等问题的有效途径.近年来,我国资源再生产业发展迅速,在一些区域产业集群特征凸显.因此,本文采用产业集中度和区位商法,对我国资源再生产业在省域层面的集群情况进行定量分析.结果表明:我国资源再生产业集群特征非常明显,2007年产业集中度CR_4达到71.15%,广东、浙江和湖南三省已形成资源再生产业集群,2007年三省的区位商分别达到1.781、1.987、8.491;同时还发现重庆、湖北、天津、江苏、上海也初具集群雏形,为从产业集群角度探索我国资源再生产业发展模式提供依据.此外,在对广东、浙江和湖南三省产业集群进行深入分析和验证时还发现:广东、浙江模式与湖南模式具有明显不同,前者是再生资源禀赋和地方需求主导模式.而后者则是交易成本、区位交通优势和政府扶持共同作用的结果.     

转型期南京市制造业郊区化及区位选择

城市郊区化是城市发展的重要阶段,我国城市郊区化有着深层的制度和经济背景。以南京为例,重点研究了制造业郊区化问题。首先分析了南京制造业企业空间聚散格局及郊区化程度,而后建立一个在我国经济和制度转型背景下制造业郊区化的理论框架,就政府行为和企业行为转型对制造业郊区化影响进行了分析,并导出相关要素,采用计量模型对要素检验进行,对其作用方向和强度进行分析。研究发现,南京制造业已进入明显的郊区化进程,城市近郊区的一些重点街镇和中心区外缘的少部分街道是制造业郊区化集聚的主要方向。并认为20世纪90年代开始实施的“退二进三”城市产业结构调整、土地有偿使用、郊区对外交通条件的改善、开发区和工业园区的建设是制造业郊区化的重要影响因素。