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11.
长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的环境地球化学特征 总被引:21,自引:3,他引:21
研究了长江口滨岸潮滩表层沉积物中磷的分布、形态等环境地球化学特征。结果表明该地区表层沉积物中磷的含量水平在18.0-31.4μmol/g之间,最大值出现在浦东白龙港污水排放口附近,长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的分布呈现明显的空间和季节性变化规律,这主要与潮滩不同地段磷的来源、沉积物质地的差异,以及水动力、环境介质条件和生物作用的时空变化密切相关。此外,沉积物中磷的形态分级研究表明大部分沉积磷以无机磷形式存在,其中无机磷又以钙结合磷为主;有机磷比例较少。其次,潮滩沉积物表层上覆水中可溶磷的浓度一般都大于沉积物间隙水,沉积物-水界面中磷主要以累积作用过程为主。 相似文献
12.
黄土风化成土过程中主要元素迁移序列 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要研究了渭南黄土剖面中主要化学组分的分布特征、影响因素以及它们在风化成土过程中的迁移富集规律。结果表明:(1)在剖面中随着黄土与古土壤层的交替叠复,各组分含量由低-高或由高-低呈周期性变化。(2)碳酸盐含量的剧烈变化是影响黄土元素分布特征极为重要的因素,古土壤中一些组分的含量增高,主要是碳酸盐被强烈淋滤造成的相对富集。(3)在黄土风化成土过程中,CaCQ3、SiQ2、FeO、MgO、K2O、Na2O等本身的地球化学行为以迁移为主,而Al2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2等均以淀积为主。它们在黄土中的迁移能力有如下顺序:CaCO3>FeO>MgO>Na2O>K2O>SiO2>Al2O3>TiO2>Fe2O3。(4)除碳酸盐外,黄土风化成土过程中铁的变化比其它组分都明显,表现为价态以及形态的转化。铁的转化主要为就地完成.本身没有发生明显迁移。 相似文献
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Geng Jinju Wang Qiang Niu Xiaojun Wang Xiaorong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(1):120-124
Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated
under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH
1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of
alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was
the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine.
Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation
and depletion processes.
Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报] 相似文献
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延河沉积物的石油污染调查与分析 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
对延河干流和两条支流受石油污染河段的沉积物的取样分析结果表明 ,研究河段内的沉积物都不同程度的受到了石油污染。干流河段沉积物的石油污染负荷一般为 40~ 80mg/kg ,上游河段和污染支流汇入段负荷较高 ,平均为390mg/kg,最高可达 784mg/kg ;支流上的坪桥川和杏子河河段沉积物污染负荷为 6 0~ 2 5 0mg/kg。干流中下游及杏子河支流河段的污染沉积物主要来源于雨期流域表层污染土壤径流入河后的沿程沉积 ,而非雨期岸边油井的直接排污则是造成干流上游和坪桥川支流沉积物石油污染的主要原因 相似文献
18.
Lakes caused by coal mining processes are characterized by low pH, low nutrient status, and high concentrations of Fe(II) and sulfate due to the oxidation of pyrite in the surrounding mine tailings. Fe(III) produced during Fe(II) oxidation precipitates to the anoxic acidic sediment, where the microbial reduction of Fe(III) is the dominant electron-accepting process for the oxidation of organic matter, apparently mediated by acidophilic Acidiphilium species. Those bacteria can reduce a great variety of Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides and reduce Fe(III) and oxygen simultaneously which might be due to the small differences in the redox potentials under low pH conditions. Due to the absence of sulfide, Fe(II) formed in the upper 6 cm of the sediment diffuses to oxic zones in the water layer where itcan be reoxidized by Acidithiobacillus species. Thus, acidic conditions are stabilized by the cycling of iron which inhibits fermentative and sulfate-reducing activities. With increasing sediment depth, the amount of reactive iron decrease, the pH increases above 5, and fermentative and as yet unknown Fe(III)-reducing bacteria are also involved in the reduction of Fe(III). Sulfate is reduced apparently by the activity of spore-forming sulfate reducers including new species of Desulfosporosinus that have their pH optimum similar to in situconditions and are not capable of growth at pH 7. However, generation of alkalinity via sulfate reduction is reduced by the anaerobic reoxidation of sulfide back to sulfate. Thus, the microbial cycling of iron at the oxic-anoxic interface and the anaerobic cycling of sulfur maintains environmental conditions appropriate for acidophilic Fe(III)-reducing and acid-tolerant sulfate-reducing microbial communities. 相似文献
19.
黄土地基湿陷时桩的负摩阻力最大值出现深度研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
负摩阻力及中性点的定义表明,负摩阻力沿桩身(从桩顶两侧到中性点位置)的变化并不均匀,其间应存在一个最大值,最近的黄土地基浸水湿陷试验证明了这一点。本文利用该试验的资料,从理论上对桩的负摩阻力最大值出现深度进行分析研究,结果表明负摩阻力随深度的变化受到某一深度(如负摩阻力最大值处)以上土体有效重量和该深度桩周土体的有效沉降量这两个主要因素的制约,并由此推导出不同沉降性能土体湿陷时桩的负摩阻力最大值出现的深度。通过与实测资料的对比可见,本文提出的确定桩的负摩阻力最大值出现深度的理论是可信的,由此得到的计算黄土地基湿陷时桩身总的负摩阻力的方法更具合理性。 相似文献
20.
Quantitative Assessment of the Intertidal Environment of Kuwait I: Integrated Environmental Classification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Quantitative analysis of physical, chemical and biological data of the intertidal zone in Kuwait was undertaken to develop an integrated basis for assessing and protecting this sensitive coastal ecosystem. Cluster analyses were performed to determine the resemblance between the sampling stations based on the sediment composition, the benthic macrofauna and the physico-chemical characteristics of the intertidal sediment/water. Five distinct sub-environments were delineated within the intertidal zone of Kuwait. Each sub-environment was described in terms of number of taxa, mean density of organisms, sediment type, tidal level and dominant organisms. The physico-chemical parameters investigated were found to be unimportant in the distribution of the intertidal benthic macrofauna. On the other hand, sediment type was found to be a major factor in the overall composition of the benthic community. The benthic fauna and related characteristics of the sub-environments could be used as indicators to monitor changes in the intertidal ecosystem and as guides to protection and management of the different coasts. The approach described in this paper could also be adopted elsewhere to provide a sound basis for evaluating environmental impacts and for developing sustainable coastal management. 相似文献