等维灰数递补动态模型在生活垃圾产生量预测中的应用

本文探讨了等经今天为数递补GM（1,1） 模型在垃圾产生量长期预测中的具体应用,比较了该模型与普通二次拟合灰色要 预测精度及预测值的灰区间方面的判别,说明了等维灰数递补GM（1,1）模型在作长期预测时具有一定的优越性。     

环境影响综合评价的灰色关联分析方法

设想理想环境系统,以实际环境系统及其子系统与理想环境系统关系密切的程度作为指标,通过灰色关联分析的具体手段提出了一个解决问题的新方法一环境影响综合评价的灰色关联分析方法,并在东江水电工程的环境影响评价中得到应用。结果是建库前环境（序列）与理想环境（序列）的关联度r₁₀小于建库后的环境（序列）与理想环境（序列）的关联度r₁₀,工程对环境影响的定量为r₂₀r₁₀＝0.122,即工程使环境总体向理想环境发展了12.2%。如何确定理想环境序列是该方法的关键。     

基于多叉树的遍历算法在数字水系拓扑关系计算中的应用

数字水系中各网格或子流域之间的拓扑关系是正确反映洪水演算顺序的重要环节。针对目前流域拓扑关系计算中存在的问题,提出了一种基于多叉树的流域拓扑关系计算方法,该算法将流域中的网格或子流域概化成树形结构的结点图,运用后序遍历递归算法,可快速自动建立反映洪水演算顺序的拓扑结构,解决了复杂流域洪水的演算集成问题,为分布式水文模型的开发研制奠定了坚实的基础,具有较强的实用价值。     

Dynamic accident modeling for high-sulfur natural gas gathering station

Dynamic accident modeling for a gas gathering station is implemented to prevent high-sulfur natural gas leakage and develop equipment inspection strategy. The progress of abnormal event occurring in the gas gathering station is modeled by the combination of fault tree and event sequence diagram, based on accident causal chain theory, i.e. the progress is depicted as sequential failure of safety barriers, then, the occurrence probability of the consequence of abnormal event is predicted. Consequences of abnormal events are divided into accidents and accident precursors which include incidents, near misses and so on. The Bayesian theory updates failure probability of safety barrier when a new observation (i.e. accident precursors or accidents data) arrives. Bayesian network then correspondingly updates failure probabilities of basic events of the safety barriers with the ability of abductive reasoning. Consequence occurrence probability is also updated. The results show that occurrence probability trend of different consequences and failure probability trend of safety barriers and basic events of the safety barriers can be obtained using this method. In addition, the critical basic events which play an important role in accidents occurrence are also identified. All of these provide useful information for the maintenance and inspection of the gas gathering station.     

不同施工顺序对陡坡偏压小净距隧道围岩稳定性的影响研究

为了研究陡坡偏压条件下不同施工顺序对小净距隧道围岩稳定性的影响,结合工 程实例,考虑“先浅后深”与“先深后浅”两种施工顺序,通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立 三维弹塑性分析模型进行了施工全过程数值模拟,重点分析了不同施工顺序对地表边坡 、拱圈特征点围岩以及中夹岩柱的影响,并计算了不同施工顺序下的隧道开挖安全系数 。结果表明:先施工深埋侧隧道会加剧围岩整体偏压效应,并会对中夹岩柱处围岩产生 往返的扰动,不利于围岩稳定性的控制,且先开挖浅埋侧隧道的安全性高于先开挖深埋 侧隧道。     

不同生长基质中叶状地衣共生藻的分离与鉴定

采用形态鉴定及基于ITS及rbcL序列构建ML系统发育树对采自云南省姚安县及南华县的10种叶状地衣中分离纯化培养的共生藻进行分析研究。鉴定结果表明5个编号分别为Z1、Z4、Z5、Z6、Z9的树生地衣共生藻样品鉴定为念珠藻目（Nostocales）念珠藻科（Nostocaceae）念珠藻属（Nostoc）;2个土生地衣共生藻样品Z2、Z10鉴定为四孢藻目（Tetrasporales）胶球藻科（Coccomyxaceae）胶球藻属（Coccomyxa）;3个石生地衣分离藻样品Z3、Z7、Z8鉴定为绿球藻目（Chlorococcales）栅藻科（Scenedesmaceae）链带藻属（Desmodesmus）。另外从地衣采集地及分子系统分析结果可以看出,尽管Z1、Z5、Z9分别是从采自不同区域（姚安县及南华县）的地衣中分离纯化的,但亲缘关系最近;同样Z4、Z6亲缘关系最近;Z2、Z10亲缘关系最近,Z7、Z8亲缘关系最近。所以地衣共生菌与共生藻的共生关系与其生存的地理区域关系不大,但却和其生长基质有明显的相关性。     

检验用起重机供电电源断错相自动切换装置的设计

起重机供电电源断错相保护功能的常规检验方法较为烦琐,有时还可能影响检验结果的正确判断.设计一种供电电源断错相自动切换装置用于断错相保护功能的检验,以降低劳动强度、提高检验效率,并有效保证检验结论的正确性.     

基于LabVIEW的固体火箭发动机直列式点火实验系统设计

固体火箭发动机点火装置是固体火箭的重要组成部分,它必须在极短的时间内可靠地点燃发动机主燃药,使发动机安全稳定的工作.直列式点火系统应用于固体火箭发动机上,极大地提高了发动机的可靠性.完整的直列式钝感点火系统由直列式全电子安全与解除保险装置、脉冲功率装置、冲击片点火管组成.针对这一系统,利用Labview设计一个可视化的固体火箭发动机直列式点火实验控制系统.该系统通过PC机可与单片机进行串口通信.单片机按照安伞解保时序向直列式全电子安全与解除保险装置传输上电信号,当解保时序正确且接收到高压监测信号时触发点火管,同时采集功率脉冲装置中高压储能电容的电压.试验表明,该系统可准确地按照固体火箭发动机直列式点火时序完成点火实验.     

Characteristics of anoxic phosphors removal in sequence batch reactor

The characteristics of anaerobic phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake were investigated in sequencing batch reactors using denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria （DPB） sludge. The lab-scale experiments were accomplished under conditions of various nitrite concentrations （5.5, 9.5, and 15 mg/L） and mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） （1844, 3231, and 6730 mg/L）. The results obtained confirmed that nitrite, MLSS, and pH were key factors, which had a significant impact on anaerobic phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake in the biological phosphorous removal process. The nitrites were able to successfully act as electron acceptors for phosphorous uptake at a limited concentration between 5.5 and 9.5 mg/L. The denitrification and dephosphorous were inhibited when the nitrite concentration reached 15 mg/L. This observation indicated that the nitrite would not inhibit phosphorus uptake before it exceeded a threshold concentration. It was assumed that an increase of MLSS concentration from 1844 mg/L to 6730 mg/L led to the increase of denitrification and anoxic P-uptake rate. On the contrary, the average P-uptake/N denitrifying reduced from 2.10 to 1.57 mg PO4^3--P/mg NO3^--N. Therefore, it could be concluded that increasing MLSS of the DEPHANOX system might shorten the reaction time of phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake. However, excessive MLSS might reduce the specific denitrifying rate. Meanwhile, a rapid pH increase occurred at the beginning of the anoxic conditions as a result of denitrification and anoxic phosphate uptake. Anaerobic P release rate increased with an increase in pH. Moreover, when pH exceeded a relatively high value of 8.0, the dissolved P concentration decreased in the liquid phase, because of chemical precipitation. This observation suggested that pH should be strictly controlled below 8.0 to avoid chemical precipitation if the biological denitrifying phosphorus removal capability is to be studied accurately.     

西风区黄土–古土壤的碳酸盐含量对磁化率影响研究

本文选择伊犁盆地塔勒德黄土– 古土壤序列,系统地开展了沉积物碳酸盐和磁化率等指 标研究,初步探讨了伊犁黄土碳酸盐含量对磁化率增减的影响机制。研究发现,塔勒德古土壤 中低频磁化率值中明显低于黄土层,且较黄土高原古土壤值小,频率磁化率也远小于黄土高原; 碳酸盐含量在S₁ 层中含量明显高于黄土,且较黄土高原古土壤高,与剖面磁化率负相关,在古 土壤中相关度更显著。去除碳酸盐的设计实验显示加入蒸馏水后沉积物磁化率值变化在10％以 内;加入醋酸（HAc）后样品磁化率值均增加,其最大增幅达12.89%（黄土）,古土壤的磁化 率增加9% 以上;加入稀盐酸后影响程度不一,在黄土中约在15%,而对古土壤影响较大,最大 可达35%,表明沉积物中碳酸盐含量对磁化率的影响不仅是简单的稀释作用,还与干旱气候环 境下碳酸盐化、次生碳酸盐化作用相关。