基于广义概念的城市燃气管道泄漏精确定位

为了准确地检测城市燃气管道泄漏,提出了一种基于广义概念的管道泄漏检测定位方法。声发射技术对于管道泄漏的检测、定位是一个极好的工具,但由于泄漏源的传播容易受到周围背景噪声以及复杂工况的影响,其定位误差较大。基于时延估计的互相关信号处理方法被广泛用于管道泄漏检测定位,但由于泄漏应力波传播通道的动态特性,使得源信号在传播过程中会产生波形变化,给互相关函数峰值位置的确定带来困难。由此引入广义相关分析方法,通过对信号进行前置滤波,在一定程度上减少了传播通道动态特性因素对泄漏点定位的不利影响,得到了更为准确的时延估值。在此基础上,通过模拟实验,编写Matlab神经网络代码,构造GRNN模型,进一步预测定位。结果表明,GRNN预测的声发射检测值、互相关定位值以及广义相关定位值,相比之前定位精度分别得到提高,其中基于广义相关的延时估计方法定位最为精确,将该方法用于工程实际中,可以更加精确地定位出泄漏点。     

Release and dispersion behaviour of carbon dioxide released from a small-scale underground pipeline

The development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) brings challenges for safety issues regarding carbon dioxide (CO₂) transmission pipelines. Once a pipeline is punctured or full-bore ruptured, the leaked CO₂ is hazardous to personnel and the environment. Small-scale devices were established with the aim of studying the release and dispersion behaviour of gas and liquid CO₂ from a punctured underground pipeline. A sandbox was built to simulate the underground conditions. The parameters of the sand used in the experiments were tested. CO₂ concentrations on the ground and temperatures around the release orifice in the sand were analysed. The results indicate that in the CO₂ gas release experiments, the CO₂ concentration on the sand surface decreases with increasing horizontal distance in the form of a power function. CO₂ concentrations in upward release are slightly larger than those in horizontal release at the same location but are obviously bigger than values in downward release. The temperature-drop region is much smaller than that in air. A frozen ice ball can be generated near the release orifice during the gas phase of the CO₂-release process. In the liquid phase of CO₂-release experiments, a large amount of dry ice is generated near the release orifice. Dry ice can only be generated in the area close to the release orifice, especially in the near-field area.     

油气长输管道施工企业清洁生产研究

清洁生产在油气长输管道施工领域涉及较少,观念和方法还未完全推广。油气长输管道施工企业与传统生产型企业有许多不同之处,以某企业清洁生产审核为例,就如何通过清洁生产审核挖掘清洁生产潜力来做探索性、建议性的研究。实践证明,该企业清洁生产机会的突破口为柴油消耗,通过柴油消耗平衡图的建立和重点耗油设备运行状况的调查,找到了降低柴油消耗的清洁生产方案,使企业达到了“节能、降耗、减污、增效”的目的。     

油气长输管道工程施工风险管理

目前我国新建管线几乎都是长距离输送油气,施工地质条件相当恶劣.本文针对油气长输管道的组成及其施工分类和特点,探讨了对油气长输管道工程施工进行动态全过程风险管理的方法.     

埕岛油田海底管道运行现状及安全分析

分析了中国石化埕岛油田海底管道安全运行现状及存在的问题,介绍了解决问题的对策措施及实施效果。     

模拟海水管路的电偶效应数值仿真研究

目的 研究钛合金模拟海水管路与船体间在不同电连接方式下的电位以及腐蚀电流密度分布,明确防腐措施.方法 针对钛合金模拟海水管路与船体结构,基于有限元建立仿真模型,开展两者的电偶效应数值仿真计算,重点研究两者电连接状态、接触界面绝缘状态和所有结构体单元绝缘状态的电位和电流密度分布情况.结果 在船体钢与钛合金管路系统电连接时...     

化学吸收法采集固定污染源氨气的影响因素探究

固定污染源氨气的手工监测,干扰因素较多,其中采样环节尤为关键。实验通过催化氧化-化学发光法考察不同采样管线材质对氨气的吸附效果,离子色谱法考察化学吸收法采集氨气的吸收瓶类型、采样流量、吸收液种类、吸收液浓度及体积等采样条件对氨气吸收效率的影响。实验表明,316 L不锈钢与聚四氟乙烯对氨气的吸附较小,氨气的采样流量不宜超过1.0 L/min,棕色气泡式吸收瓶更适用于氨气样品的采集,磷酸溶液作吸收液对氨气的吸收效率较好,对于低浓度的氨气样品,应采用低流量长时间采集。     

(De)legitimating extractivism: the shifting politics of social licence

ABSTRACT

Most scholarly accounts of social licence define it as a public relations strategy to legitimate resource development. In Canadian pipeline politics, however, it has had the opposite effect, crystallizing widespread concerns about industry capture of regulatory processes and affirming the democratic rights of local communities. This assessment of the concept’s critical, counter-hegemonic potential to challenge the policies, practices and logic of state-sponsored extractivist development situates social licence as a key discursive battleground in the struggle between politicization (which accents agonistic confrontation between competing alternative futures) and de-politicization (which defuses conflict and builds consensus around the perception of common interests). Frame analysis of news media and advocacy group texts is used to investigate how opponents of a pipeline project bridged the idea of social licence with movement frames concerning identity, injustice and democratic agency to transform the concept from a public relations term meant to enable corporate activity into a critical trope used to constrain it.     

城市聚乙烯燃气管道漏气案例统计与原因分析

目的 分析影响聚乙烯燃气管道漏气的薄弱部位及原因,为建立聚乙烯燃气管道安全服役评价方法可行性分析提供实际数据支撑。方法 收集、归纳某城市聚乙烯燃气管道实际应用中的290例漏气案例,从失效薄弱部位、服役年限、月份等多方面进行统计分析,并讨论聚乙烯燃气管道发生漏气的主要原因。结果 PE燃气管道安全服役的钢塑转换、套袖、焊接位置等连接位置是聚乙烯燃气管道服役的薄弱部位,服役年限与漏气案例比例成正比,且各部位的敏感月份相差较大。影响管道服役的主要因素是环境/应力长期耦合作用和外力突发作用。结论 土壤环境中存在的有机酸介质会加速管道老化,特别是对于施工等带来的固有薄弱缺陷、外界因素带来的表面损伤、应力集中等,在土壤服役环境中化学介质、温度、运行压力的耦合作用下,管道性能大大下降,产生漏气事故,给安全运行带来极大威胁。     

加载条件下原水管道受力特征模型试验研究

为研究堆载大小对原水管道受力变形的影响,采用量纲分析法得出模型试验相似比,并根据相似比进行模型箱的设计、管道材料的选取和重塑土的配制,研究不同工况下管道的受力特征。试验结果表明:整体上管道端部应力大于管中央应力,管轴向应力大于管环向应力。在中心加载下,管端应力值较管中央处大,前者增长速度更快,而后者增长速度较慢。在偏心荷载作用下,靠近荷载的管端应力最大,而管中央应力最小;尤其在偏载6 kPa作用下,管端下表面轴向应力达到595 kPa,而管中央处仅有64 kPa,管端受边界约束作用明显,管道呈弯曲变形。